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White Chester

Толкование Перевод

1 White Chester

Сельское хозяйство: белый честер (американская порода свиней мясо-сального направления)

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > White Chester
2 Chester White

x. 체스터 화이트(미국의 큰 흰돼지의 일종)

English-Korean dictionary > Chester White
3 белый честер

Agriculture: White Chester (американская порода свиней мясо-сального направления)

Универсальный русско-английский словарь > белый честер
4 _СЫРОПРОИЗВОДЯЩИЕ СТРАНЫ И ПЕРЕЧЕНЬ ВЫРАБАТЫВАЕМЫХ СЫРОВ

По некоторым данным в мире существует около 4000 наименований сыров. Во Франции вырабатываются более 300 видов сыров, в России около 100 наименований.
Известные виды сыров, играющие определенную роль на внутреннем рынке сыропроизводящих стран, а также экспортируемые в другие страны, представлены в нижеследующем списке расположенном в алфавитном порядке сыропроизводящих стран на английском и немецком языках. В основу списка, который не претендует на полноту, положены Ежегодный бюллетень Международной молочной федерации (IDF), цитируемый выпуск которого является каталогом сыров 30 сыропроизводящих стран (Annual Bulletin. Part IV. Preliminary Catalogue of Cheese Varietieis.- Bruxelles, 1971), Всемирный атлас сыров 45 стран-производителей (The World Atlas of Cheese by Nancy Feknof-Stork Paddingtone Press Ltd New York & London, 1977), Энциклопедия пищевых продуктов (Lebensmittel-Lexikon mit 12 500 Stichwörtern. – Leipzig: VEB Fachbuchverlag, 1979. – S. 438-439), Книга о сыре (В.Л. Бегунов. Книга о сыре. - М.: Пищ. промышленность, 1974. – С. 28-29). В.Л. Бегунов пишет: “Название сыра происходит, как правило, от названия города, деревни, местности, где он впервые выработан. Таково происхождение названий российских сыров – ярославского, пошехонского, угличского, алтайского, минского, карпатского, эстонского, станиславского, чуйского, валмиерского и других; французских – рокфора, камамбера, бри; итальянских – пармезана и горгонзолы; голландских – эдамского и гауда; английских – чеддара (совр. чеддера – Примеч. автора) и стилтона. Некоторые сыры носят названия рек или озер – нямунас (Неман), волжский, днестровский, нарочь. Название других определны величиной (лиллипут), формой (клинковый) или цветом (зелёный, голубой, белый), а иногда и назначением (чайный, закусочный, дорожный) или осбенностями вкуса (сливочный, пикантный, острый). Среди названий плавленных сыров немало отвленчённых: “Дружба”, “Лето”, “Янтарь” и пр.”. Afganistan:
panir — сыр

Krut (Qurut) — крут

Pasteikurut — пастайкрут

Shur panir — сыр щур
Argentina:
queso — исп. сыр

Chubut — чубут

Cremoso — сливочный сыр

Crema — сливочный сыр

Crescenza — крещенца

Goya — гойя

Mantecoso — высокожирный сыр

Mendicrim — мендикрим

Mendirela — менлирела

Quartirolo — квартироло

Queso Blañko — белый сыр, брынза
Australia, Australien:
cheese — англ. сыр

Cheddar, rinded — чеддер с коркой

Cheddar, rindless — чеддер бескорковый

Colby — колби (мягкий пористый сыр)

Mersey Walley — мерси вэлли
Austria, Österreich:
Käse — сыр

Alpkäse — альпийский сыр

Bergkäse — горный сыр

Bon bleu — бон блё (сыр типа рокфора)

Brie — бри (мягкий скоропортящийся сычужный сыр)

Butterkäse — сливочный сыр

Butterkäserl — сливочные сырки

Camembert — камамбер (мягкий сыр)

Colby-Käse — сыр колби

Cottage-cheese — домашний сыр, зернёный творог

Edamer — эдамский (твёрдый ломтевой сыр)

Edelpilzkäse (blaugrüner Schimmelkäse) — сыр с сине-зелёной плесенью

Emmentaler — эмментальский (швейцарсий твёрдый сыр с нежным ореховым вкусом)

Frischkäse, Gervais — сыр жерве

Frischkäse, gesalzen — солёный сыр, потребляемый без созревания

Gaudakäse — гауда (твёрдый сыр из цельного молока)

Geheimratskäse — имперский сыр

Granakäse — сыр грана

Jerome — жероме

Kugelkäse — круглый сыр, головка сыра

Liptauer — липтау

Mischlingskäse — сыр из сборного молока

Mondseer Käse (Schachtel-käse) — мондзейский (коробочный) сыр (полножирный мягкий сыр типа мюнстерского)

Österzola — эстерзола

Pikano — пикано

Pinzgauer Bierkäse — пинцгауский сыр к пиву

Purbon — пурбон

Quargel — творожный сырок

Rahmfrischkäse — свежий сливочный сыр

Rilos — рилос

Rival — риваль

Romadur — ромадур (мягкий сыр)

Sauermichkäse (Quargel) — творожный сырок

Schlosskäse — дворцорвый сыр

Stangenkäse — брусковый сыр

Tilsiter — тильзитский

Tiroler Alpkäse — тирольский альпийский сыр

Tiroler Graukäse — тирольский сыр с серой плесенью

Topfen — горшечный сыр

Trappistenkäse — трапистский сыр
Belgium, Belgien:
fromage — фр. сыр

kaas — нидерл. сыр

Brie — бри (мягкий скоропортящийся сычужный сыр)

Brussel Kaas — брюссельский сыр

Bruxelles — брюссельский

Camembert — камамбер (мягкий сыр)

Cheddar — чеддер

Emmentaler, Emmenthal — эмментальский, швейцарский (твёрдый ломтевой сыр)

Fromage frais — сыр, потребляемый без созревания

Gouda — гауда (твёрдый ломтевой сыр)

Herve — жерве

Plateau — плато

Saint-Paulin — сан [сен] полен

Verse Kaas — сыр версэ
Brazil, Brasilien:
queijo — португ. сыр

Edam (Reino-Palmira) — эдамский (твёрдый ломтевой сыр)

Linas Frescal — линас фрескал

Linas Prensado — линас пренсадо

Мinas curado (Miniero curado) Minas frescal (Mineiro fresco) Mussarella (Provolone fresh) — муссарелла (сыр типа проволоне)

Permesao — пермезан

Prato — прато

Requeijao — реквижао
Bulgaria, Bulgarien:
кашкавал (kaschkaval) — болг. сыр

fromage — фр. сыр

Balkanski Kaskaval — балканский кашкавал

Сheddar — чеддер (твёрдый сыр с ореховым вкусом)

Demi-Balkan — деми-балкан

Fromage de Saumure common — обыкновенный рассольный сыр

Gouda — гауда (твёрдый сыр из цельного молока)

Kaschkaval — качкавал (рассольный сыр из овечьего молока)

Kaschkaval common — обыкновенный качкавал

Kaschkavale Vitoscha, Kaschkaval-Vitoscha — витоша (рассольный сыр из коровьего молока типа качкавал)

Ljulin — льюлин

Magura — мажура

Schipka — шипка (рассольный сыр)

Shkatul — коробочный сыр

Sirene — сирене (рассольный сыр)

Weißer Schafkäse in Salzlake — белый рассольный сыр из овечьего молока

Weißer Kuhkäse in Salzlake — белый рассольный сыр из коровьего молока
Canada, Kanada:
cheese — англ. сыр

Bel Paese — бель паезе

Blue Vein — голубой сыр (типа рокфора)

Bra — бра

Brick — брик

Camemebert — камамбер (мягкий сыр)

Cheddar — чеддер

Colby — колби (мягкий пористый сыр)

Edam — эдамский (твёрдый сыр)

Emmenthaler — эмментальский (швейцарский твёрдый сыр с нежным ореховым вкусом)

Gouda — гауда (твёрдый сыр из цельного молока)

Granular — зернёный творог, домашний сыр

Gruyere — грюйер (сыр с ореховым вкусом из цельного молока)

Limburger — лимбургский (мягкий сыр)

Mozzarella — моцарелла

Neufchâtel — нёвшатель (мягкий сыр)

Oka — ока

Parmesan — пармезан (зелёный тёрочный сыр)

Port du Salut — порт салют, пор-салю

Richelieu — ришелье

Romano — романо

Swiss — швейцарский

Tilsiter — тильзитский
Chili, Chile:
queso — исп. сыр

Quessillos — кесилос

Tipo chacco — сыр типа чакко
China:
Chura — чура
CIS & Baltic States, GUS & Baltische Staaten:
cheese — англ. сыр

Altay — алтайский

Aragats — арагац

Baltic — прибалтийский

Baukas — баукасский

Brindza — брынза

Carpathian — карпатский

Caucasian — кавказский

Chainyi — чайный

Chanakh — чанах (рассольный сыр)

Chechil — чечил (рассольный сыр)

Cheddar — чеддер (твёрдый сыр с ореховым вкусом)

Cherkasskii — черкасский

Chujskii — чуйский

Cottage — домашний [зернёный] творог

Cream-cheese — сливочный сыр

Diet-cheese — диетический сыр

Dnestrovskii — днестровский

Dorobudz — дорогобужский

Doroznyi — дорожный

Dutch — голландский

Ekhegnadzorskii — ехегнадзорский (разновидность бурдючных и горшечных сыров)

Emmentaler — эмментальский (твёрдый швейцарский сыр с нежным ореховым вкусом)

Estonian — эстонский

Georgian — грузинский

Gornyi Altai [Altay] — горно-алтайский

Green cheese — зелёный сыр (твёрдый тёрочный сыр)

Kabardinskii — кабардинский

Kalinin — калининский

Kaunas — каунасский

Kimenju — кименю (мягкий сыр с тмином)

Klaipeda — клайпедский

Kobiiskii — кобийский

Kostroma — костромской

Krasnodar — краснодарский

Kuban — кубанский

Latvian — латвийский

Lithuanian — литовский

Lithuanian caraway — литовский тминный

Lori — лори (рассольный сыр)

Lybitelskii — любительский

Medynsk — медынский

Minskii — минский

Moale — моале (мягкий сыр)

Moldavien smoked cheese — молдавский копчёный сыр

Moskovskii — московский

Motal — мотал (рассольный бурдючный сыр)

Naroch — нарочь (сыр, потребляемый без созревания)

Njumanas — няманас (сыр типа пикантного)

Ohotnichii — охотничий

Osetian — осетинский (рассольный сыр)

Pajuris — паюрис

Parnu — пярнуский

Piquant-cheese — пикантный сыр

Poshhonskii — пошехонский

Rambinas — рамбинас

Roquefort — рокфор

Rossiya — российский

Russian Camembert — русский камамбер

Saldus — салдусский

Severnyi — северный

Smolenskii — смоленский

Sovetskii — советский

Stanislavskii — станиславский

Stepnoi — степной

Suluguni — сулугуни (рассольный сыр)

Syir — сыйр (мягкий сыр с тмином, потребляемый без созревания)

Shetskii — шетский

Tushinskii — тушинский

Uglicheskii — угличский

Ukrainian — украинский

Valmieras — валмиерский

Volga — волжский

Vologda — вологодский

Wedge-shaped cheese — клинковый сыр

White dessert cheese — белый десертный сыр

Yaroslavskii — ярославский

Yerevan — ереванский

Yudznyi — южный

Zakusochnyi — закусочный

Zelinyi — целинный

Zemgalskii — земгальский
Colombia, Kolumbien:
queso — исп. сыр

Quesa Bernina de Pera — сыр бернина де пера
Czechia, Tschechia; Slovakia, Slowakei:
syr — чеш. сыр

syr — слов. сыр

Bryndza — брынза

Camembert — камамбер

Cedar — чеддер (твёрдый сыр с ореховым вкусом)

Cheddar — чеддер (твёрдый сыр с ореховым вкусом)

Desertni syr (Dessertkдse) — десертный сыр

Eidamska cihla (Eidamebrick Cheese, Edamer Ziegel) — эдамский брусковый сыр

Eidamska koula (Eidam cheese, Edamer Kugel) — эдмамский круглый сыр

Emmental (Emmentaler Käse) — эментальский (швейцарский твёрдый сыр с нежным ореховым вкусом)

Gorgonzola (Gorgonzola-Käse) — горгонзола

Gouda — гауда (твёрдый сыр из цельного молока)

Imperialkäse — имперский сыр

Käsewurst — колбасный сыр

Kminovy syr (Caraway Cheese, Kummelkäse) — сыр с тмином

Kremovy syr (Gervais) — сливочный сыр

Krkonossky pivni syr — кркношский сыр к пиву

Maslovy syr (Butterkдse) — сливочный сыр

Moravsky bochnik (Moravian loaf, Emmentale Type) — моравская головка (сыр типа эмментальский)

Niva (Rougefort) — нива (сыр типа рокфор)

Olomouke tvauzky (Olmьtzer Quargel) — ольмюцкие творожные сырки

Ostepek — остепек

Parecina — паресина

Parmezan, Parmesan — пармезан (зелёный тёрочный сыр)

Quarkpasten — творожная паста

Rahmkäse — сливочный сыр

Riesegebirgs-Bierkäse — горно-исполинский сыр к пиву

Romadur — ромадур

Sazavsky syr (Sazava-Käse, Brie-Käse) — бри (мягкий скоропортящийся сыр)

Smetanovy syr (Cream Cheese) — сливочный сыр

Zlato (Bel Paese) — злато (мягкий сыр типа бель паэзе)
Denmark, Dänemark:
cheese — англ. сыр

Camembert — камамбер

Danblu (Danish Blue Cheese) — датский голубой сыр

Danbo — данбо

Elbo — эльбо

Emmenthaler — эмментальский (швейцарский твёрдый сыр с нежным ореховым вкусом)

Esrom — эсром

Fynbo — фюнбо

Havarti — хаварти

Maribo — марибо

Molbo — мольбо

Mycella — мицелла

Samsoe — самсое

Tybo — тибо
Finland, Finnland:
juusto — финск. сыр

Aura — аура

Baby-Gouda — беби-гауда

Camembert — камамбер (мягкий сыр)

Edam — эдамский (твёрдый сыр)

Emmental — эмментальский (твёрдый швейцарский сыр с нежным ореховым вкусом)

Ilves — илвес

Juhla — юла

Juustoleipa — юстолейпа

Kappeli — каппели

Kartano (Gouda) — картано (сыр типа гауда)

Kesti — кести

Kreivi (Tilsit) — крейви (сыр типа тильзитского)

Kutunjiuusto — кутунюсто

Luostari (Port Salut) — луостари (cыр типа порт салют [пор-салю])

Turunmaa — турунма

Valio Oltermanni lactoositon — валио олтерманни (полутвёрдый сливочный сыр без лактозы)
France, Frankreich:
fromage — фр. сыр

Aunis — они

Baguette — багет

Banon — банон

Beaufort (Gruyere de Beaufort) — бофор (грюйер де бофор)

Bethmale — бетмал

Blauschimmelkäse, Edelpilzkäse — голубой сыр

Bleu d’Auvergne — блё д’овернь (оверньский сыр)

Bleu d’Aveyron — блё д’авейрон (авейронский сыр)

Bleu de Basalic — сыр с базеликом

Bleu de Bresse — блё де бресс (бресский сыр)

Bleu Brie de Meaux — блё де мо (бри моский)

Bleu de Causses — брё де косе (косеский сыр)

Bleu de Corse — брё де корс (корский сыр)

Bleu de Gese — брё де же (жеский сыр)

Bleu de Haut-Jura — горно-юрский

Bleu de Laqueville — блё лакевиль (лакевильский сыр)

Bleu de Septmoncel — блё де септмонсель (септмонсельский сыр)

Bleu de Sassenage — блё де сассенаж (сассенажский сыр)

Bleu de Quercy — блё де керуа (керуаский сыр)

Bleu de Thiezac — блё де тьезак (тьезакский сыр)

Bleu Fermier — фермский, крестьянский, домашний

Boulette d’Avesnes — булет д’авеснэ

Boulette de Chambrai — булет де камбрэ

Bossons Macerec — босон масерэ

Boursin — бурсан

Brie de Coulommiers — бри де куломье

Brie de Meaux — бри де мео

Brie de Melun — бри де мелен

Brie de Montereau — бри де монтеро

Bruccio — брусио

Cachat — кашè

Camembert — камамбер (малый мягкий пикантный сыр в белой пушистой корке)

Cantal (Fourme de Cantal) — канталь (фурм де канталь) (прессованный сыр с нежным ореховым вкусом под твёрдой коркой)

Carre de l’Est — каре де л’эст (восточный сыр в белой пушистой корке, прямоугольной формы)

Carre Demi-Sel — подсоленный сыр из двойных сливок (прямоугольной формы)

Carre de Saint-Cyr — каре де сансир (сыр в белой пушистой корке, прямоугольной формы)

Castillion — кастильон

Cendre de Brie — сандр де бри

Chabichou (Chabis) — шабишу (шаби) (козий сыр)

Chaorce — шаурс (мягкий пикантный сыр в белой пушистой корке)

Cheddar — чеддер (твёрдый сыр с ореховым вкусом)

Cheverton d’Ambere — шевретон д’амбер

Chevrotin — шевротан

Comté — контэ, комтэ

Coulommiers (Brie de Coulommiers) — куломье (бри де куломье) (мягкий сыр в пушистой корке)

Dauphin — дофан

Demi-Sel (Carre Demi-Sel) — подсоленный сыр из двойных сливок (прямоугольной формы)

Demi-suisse — деми-сюис (сливочный сырок)

Doppelrahmkäse mit Kräutern — сливочный сыр из двойных сливок с пряностями

Doppelrahm-Spezialität f — фирменный сливочный сыр из двойных сливок

Edam — эдамский (твёрдый сыр)

Emmental — эмментальский (швейцарский твёрдый сыр с нежным ореховым вкусом)

Fontainebleau — фонтенбло

Fourme d’Ambere — фурм д’амбер

Fromage de Chevre — козий сыр, сыр из козьего молока

Fromage de Dreux — сыр де дре

Fromage d’Epoisses — сыр д’эпуас

Fromage de la Mothe — сыр де ла мот

Fromage de Ruffec — сыр де руфек

Fromage de Valentais — сыр валенсийский (козий сыр)

Fromage Nantais — сыр нантэ

Fromage Normand — норманндский сыр

Gerome — жероме

Gervais — жерве

Gouda — гауда (твёрдый сыр из цельного молока)

Gournay — гурнье

Gryere — грюйер (швейцарский сыр с ореховым вкусом из цельного молока)

Gryere de Comte (Comte) — грюйер де контэ (швейцарский сыр контэ)

La Mothe Saint Heraye (St-Heraye) — ла мот сен герей

Lauguiole (Lauguiole-Aubrac) — лагиоль (лагиоль-обрак)

Laumes — лом

Livarot — ливаро (мягкий сыр с гладкой плесневой корочкой)

Manicamp — маникамп

Maroilles (Marolles, Sorbais, Mignon, Quart) — маруаль (мароль, сорбэ, миньон, кар)

Maroilles Gris — маруаль гри

Mimolette — мимолет

Munster — мюнстерский (мягкий сыр с гладкой млесневой окрочкой)

Munster (Gerome) — мюнстерский (жероме) (нежный мягкий сыр с длительным периодом созревания, родина – эльзасская долина Мюнстер (Munster) близ Кольмара (Colmar), Франция)

Nectaire — нектэр

Neufchâtel (Malakoff-Bondon) — невшатель (мягкий сыр в белой пушистой корке, потребляемый без созревания)

Niolo — ниоло

Olivette — оливет

Orrys — ори

Pelardon — пелардон (мягкий козий сыр)

Petit Suisse — сливочный сырок

Picardon — пикардон

Poivre d’Ane — пуавр д’ан

Pont l’Eveque (Petit Pont l’Eveque) — пон л’эвек (сырок пон л’эвек) (мягкий сыр с гладкой плесневой корочкой)

Port du Salut — пор салю

Reblochon (Petit Reblochon) — реблошон (сырок реблошон)

Rigottes — ригот

Rollot — ролло

Roquefort — рокфор (Сыр Сыров Франции из овечьего молока, впервые упоминается в хронике одного из манастырей в 1070 г.)

Saingorlon — сенгорлон

Saint-Chabichon — сен-шабишон

Saint-Florentin — сен-флорентин

Saint-Marcellen — сен-марселен

Saint-Maure — сен-мор

Saint-Nectaire — сен-нектэр (прессованный сыр с нежным ореховым вкусом под твёрдой коркой)

Saint-Paulin — сен-полен

Saint-Paulin-Baby — сен-полен-беби

Saint-Remy — сен-реми

Salers Hte Montage — сале от монтанье

Samsoe — самсое

Sartenais — сартенэ

Sbrinz — сбринц

Selles-sur-Cher — селе-сюр-шер

Suisse — сливочный сырок

Tomme au Mare de Raisin — том о морк де резан

Tomme d’Aligot — том д’алиго

Tomme de Savoise — том де савоя (прессованный сыр с нежным ореховым вкусом под твердой коркой)

Triple Creme — сливочный высокожирный сыр

Valencay — валенсей (сыр из козьего молока)

Venaco — венако

Venadome — вандом

Villebarou — вильбаро
Germany, Deutschland:
Altenburger Ziegenkäse (AZ) — альтенбургский сыр из козьего молока (мягкий сычужный сыр, массовая доля жира 30, 45 %)

Bergkäse — горный сыр

Blauschimmelkäse — полутвёрдый ломтевой сычужный сыр с голубой плесенью (массовая доля жира 45 %)

Briekäse — (фр. Fromage de Brie) сыр бри (мягкий сыр из коровьего молока с образованем плесени типа сыра камамбера, назван по местечку восточнее Парижа “Brie de France”)

Butterkäse — сливочный сыр (полутвёрдый ломтевойсычужный сыр, массовая доля жира 45, 50, 60 %)

Camembert — камамбер (мягкий сычужный сыр с плесенью, нежным запахом и вкусом шампиньонов, названный по местечку Camembert в Нормандии, вырабатывается во Франции с 1797 г.)

Caramkäse — карамский сыр

Cheddar — чеддер (прессованный твёрдый сыр из коровьего молока в форме низкого цилиндра, названный по долине Чеддер графства Somerset, Англия, вырабатывается во многих европейских станах как полножирный сыр и известен также под названием Chester)

Chester (Ch) — сыр честер (твёрдый сычужный, за свою исключительную способность к плавлению и свои интенсивные вкусовые качества в некоторых странах используют для производства плавленого сыра, аналог английского твёрдого сыра чеддер,в Германии вырабатвается с массовой долей жира 45 %)

Deutscher Weichkäse mit Schimmelbildung — немецкий сыр с образованием плесени на поверхности

Doppelrahm-Frischkäse — свежий сливочный сыр из сливок повышенной жирности

Edamer (Ed) — эдамский (твёрдый ломтевой сычужный сыр из коровьего молока, в форме шара, родина Нидерланды, нашёл распространение во многих странах, по технологическим причинам форма шара была заменена на прямоугольную форму)

Edelpilzkäse — сыр с типичной плесенью (наименование сортов сыра с зелёной и голубой плесенью, а также сыров типа рокфора, которые вырабатываются как твёрдые, ломтевые и мягкие, но преимущественно как полутвёрдые ломтевые сычужные с массовой долей жира 45 %)

Emmentaler [Schweizer] Käse — эмментальский [швейцарский] сыр (твёрдый прессованный полножирный сычужный сыр из сырого коровьего молока со средней продолжительностью созревания 4 месяца, массовая доля жира 45 %)

Friesenkäse — фризский [фрисландский] твёрдый ломтевой сыр с пряностями (форма цилиндрическая, массовая доля жира 10 % и 40 %)

Frühstückskäse — сыр к завтраку (мягкий сычужный сыр без пряностей типа ромадура, обезжиренный или с массовой долей жира не менее 10 %, его поверхность от жёлто-коричневого до красноватого цвета, тесто сыра без глазков и прочное на разрез)

Geheimratskäse — имперский сыр (жирный ил полножирный твёрдый ломтевой сыр типа гауды или эдамского вырабатываемый в Нидерландах, Австрии и ФРГ в форме круга, котогрый парафинирован или упакован в синтетическую плёнку. Название является производным от места Heemrat)

Gelbkäse — сыр с жёлтой слизью на поверхности (кисломолочный сыр с массовой долей жира не менее 10 %)

Gorgonzola — итал. горгонзола (сыр с благородной голубой плесенью - полутвёрдый ломтевой сыр типа рокфора - вырабатываетсяя в Чехии, Словакии, ФРГ из коровьего, овечьего молока или их смеси, вкус острый, острый и пикантный)

Gouda(käse) (Go) — гауда (твёрдый ломтевой сыр, массовая доля жира 30, 40, 45 % - назван по первоначальному месту выработки – городу Гауда под Роттердамом, Нидерланды)

Grünschimmelkäse — полутвёрдый ломтевой сычужный сыр с зелёной плесенью (массовая доля жира 45 %)

Handkäse — сыр ручной выработки

Harzer — гарц (кисломолочный сыр)

Klosterkäse — монастырский сыр

Kochkäse — топлёный сыр

Korbkäse — коробочный сыр

Kräuterkäse — зелёный тёрочный сыр

Kümmelkäse — cыр с тмином

Limburger (Li) — лимбургский (мягкий сычужный сыр со слизистой коркой)

Mainauer Käse — майнауский сыр

Mainzer Käse — майнцский сыр

Münsterkäse — мюнстерский сыр (сорт французского ломтевого полутвёрдого сыра, массовая доля жира 30, 45 %)

Neufchateler (Ne) — невшатель (сорт французского мягкого сычужного сыра, массовая доля жира 45, 50 %)

Nichtreifender Käse — сыр, потребляемый без созревания (вырабатывается из пастеризованного нормализованного или обезжиренного свежего молока или из пахты с различными добавками и вспомогательными веществами)

Nieheimer (Hopfenkäse) — нигеймский сыр (кисломолочный горшечный сыр, созревший между слоями хмеля)

Olmützer Quargel — ольмюцкие творожные сырки

Rahmfrischkäse — 1. жирный творог 2. свежий сыр, потребляемый без созревания

Romadur (Ro) — ромадур (мягкий сычужный сыр, массовая доля жира 20, 40, 50 %)

Schichtkäse — слоистый [творожный] сыр (сыр, потребляемый без созревания, массовая доля жира 20 %)

Schweizer Bergkäse — швейцарский альпийский сыр (твёрдый полножирный сыр типа эмментальского в форме круга / низкого цилиндра, вырабатываемый в Швейцарии и Австрии с массовой долей жира не менее 20 %; 30 и 45 %)

Sonneborner Weichkäse — зоннеборнский мягкий сыр (массовая доля жира 20, 30, 45, 50 %)

St. Mauritius — сен маврикий

Steppenkäse — степной сыр (твёрдый сычужный ломтевой сыр – массовая доля жира 30, 45 %)

Steinbusher (Sb) — штейнбушский (полутвёрдый ломтевой сычужный сыр, массовая доля жира 30, 45 %)

Strahlsunder Käse (Ss) — штральзундский сыр (твёрдый сычужный ломтевой сыр)

Tiefländer (Ti) — твёрдый сычужный сыр типа эмментальского (массовая доля жира 45 %)

Tollenser (Tilsiter) (To) — толлензский (твёрдый ломтевой сыр, массовая доля жира 30, 40, 45 %)

Trappistenkäse — трапистский сыр (впервые выработан во Франции в трапистском монастыре, сегодня вырабатывается во многих европейских странах как полутвёрдый ломтевой сыр)

Weichkäse mit Edelschimmel (WE) — мягкий сычужный сыр с типичной плесенью

Weißlacker Bierkäse — рассольный сыр к пиву

Sauermilchkäse — кисломолочный сыр

Edelschimmelkäse — сыр с типичной плесенью

Gelb(schmier)käse — сыр с жёлтой плесенью на поверхности

Sauermilchkäse — кисломолочный сыр

Spitzkäse — клинковый (обезжиренный) сыр

Halbschimmelkäse — полуплесневый сыр

Rotschmierkäse — cыр с красной плесенью на поверхности

Schichtkäse — слоистый [творожный] сыр (сыр, потребляемый без созревания)

Schimmelkäse — плесневый сыр, сыр с плесенью

Speisequark m — столовый творог (продукт, потребляемый без созревания, масовая доля жира не менее 10 %; 20, 30, 40, 50 %)

Speisequark mit Pflanzenöl — столовый творог с растительным маслом

Speisequarkzubereitung f — столовый творог с различными добавками (продукт, потребляемый без созревания, масовая доля жира не менее 10 %; 20, 30, 40, 50 %)

Stangenkäse — брусковые сыры (сыры прямоугольной формы)

Tilsiter — тильзитский

Trappistenkäse — трапистский сыр

Weinkäse — сыр к вину

Weißlacker — белый рассольный сыр

Weißschimmelkäse — сыр с белой плесенью на поверхности

Wilstermarschkäse — вильстермаршский сыр

Ziegenkäse — сыр из козьего молока

Sonnenborner Weichkäse — зонненборнский мягкий сыр

Frischkäse — сыр, потребляемый без созревания

Speisequark — столовый творог

Speisequark mit Pflanzenöl — столовый творог с растительным маслом

Schmelzkäse, schnittfest — твёрдый ломтевой плавленный сыр

Schmelzkäse, strieichfähig — пастообразный плавленный сыр

Buttermilchquark — творог из пахты
Greece, Giechenland:
τνροσ / tyros — греч. сыр

Feta — фета (овечий сыр)

Galotiri — свежий малосольный мягкий сыр

Kasseri — общее наименование европейского сыра

Kefalotyri — головка сыра, круглый сыр

Kopanisti — ломтевой твёрдый сыр

Mitzithra — сливочный сыр
Hungary, Ungarn:
sajt — венг. сыр

Balaton — балатонский

Dessertkäse — десертный сыр

Edamer — эдамский

Emmentaler — эментальский (твёрдый швейцарский сыр с нежным ореховым вкусом)

Kaskaval — кашкавал (рассольный сыр из овечьего молока)

Laita — лайта

Liptauer — липтауский

Marvanysait — сорт полутвёрдого ломтевого сыра типа рокфора

Teasayt — чайный сыр

Trappisten — трапистский
India, Indien:
cheese — англ. сыр

panir — хинди сыр

Aarey Cheese (Gouda type) — сыр ари (типа гауда)

Bandal — бандал

Cheddar — чеддер (твёрдый сыр с ореховым вкусом)

Dacca — дакка

Surati Panir — сурати
Ireland, Irland:
cheese — англ. сыр

Blarney — бларни

Caerphilly — каэрифилли (сыр со вкусом кефира)

Camembert — камамбер (малый мягкий пикантный сыр в белой пушистой корке)

Cheshire — чешир (твёрдый сыр с пикантным вкусом)

Chester — честер (твёрдый сыр)

Colby — колби (мягкий пористый сыр)

Edam — эдамский (твёрдый сыр)

Emmenthal — эмментальский (швейцарский твёрдый сыр с нежным ореховым вкусом)

Glouster — глостерский

Gouda — гауда (твёрдый сыр из цельного молока)

Gruyere — грюйер (швейцарский сыр с ореховым вкусом из цельного молока)

Killarney — килларней
Iran:
Kaschgaii — кашгаи

Lighvan — лайван
Irag, Irak:
Meiza — меиза
Israel, Israel:
brinza — иврит сыр

cheese — англ. сыр

Bel Paese type — сыр типа бель паэзе

Blue vein (Roquefort type) — голубой сыр (типа рокфора)

Brinza — брынза

Camembert — камамбер (мягкий сыр)

Cheddar-type — сыр типа чеддера

Cottage — домашний сыр, зернёный творог

Danbo type — сыр типа банбо

Duberki — дуберки

Edam type — сыр типа эдамского

Geheimratskäse-type — сыр типа имперского

Gouda type — сыр типа гауда

Grewina Ifatit — гревина ифатит

Kachkaval (Caciocavallo) — качкавал

Labbene — лаббене

Limburger type — сыр типа лимбургского

Liptauer — липтау

Munster type — сыр типа мюнстерского

Romadur type — сыр типа ромадура

Smoked cheese (Provolne) — копчёный сыр (проволоне)

Swiss type — сыр типа швейцарского

Urda — урда

White cheese (pickled) — 1. творог 2. кисломолочный сыр (рассольный)

White cheese (Quark oder Schichtkäse type) — 1. творог 2. слоистый творожный сыр
Italy, Italien:
formaggio, cacio — итал. сыр

Asiago — азиаго

Bel Paese — бель паэсе

Caciocavalo — качкавал

Caprino — каприно

Fiore Sardo — фиоре сардо

Fontal — фонтал

Fontina — фонтина

Gorgonzola — горгонзола (сыр типа рокфора)

Grana Рadano — грана падано

Italico — италико

Mascarpone — маскарпоне

Montasio — монтазио

Mozarelle — мозарелла

Pannarone — паннароне

Parmigiano-Reggiano — пармиджиано-реджиано

Pecorino Romano — пекарино романо (сыр из овечьего молока)

Pecarino Siciliano — пекарино сицилиано (сыр из овечьего молока)

Pressato — прессато

Provolone — проволоне

Ragusano — рагузано

Ricotta — рикотта

Robiola — робиола

Robiolino — робиолино

Strachino-Crecenza — стракино-креченза

Taleggio — таледжио
Japan, Japan:
Blue — голубой сыр

Camembert — камамбер (мягкий сыр)

Cheddar — чеддер (твёрдый сыр с ореховым вкусом)

Edam — эдамский (твёрдый сыр)

Gouda — гауда (твёрдый сыр из цельного молока)

Parmesan — пармезан (зелёный тёрочный сыр)
Jordan, Jordanien:
Labanch — лабанч
Jugoslavia, Jugoslawien:
sir — сербскохорв. сыр

Beli Sir — белый сыр

Bejeni Sir — бийенийский сыр

Bryndza — брынза

Emmentaler — эмментальскийй (твёрдый швейцарский сыр с нежным ореховым вкусом)

Grobnicki Sir — гробницкий сыр

Kaschkaval — кашкавал (рассльный сыр из овечьего молока)

Kefalotir — кефалотир

Manur — сыр ручной выработки

Mjesinski Sir — ньегуский сыр

Presukase — пресукаса

Somborski Sir — сомборский сыр

Tocani Sir — токанийский сыр

Trappistenkäse — трапистский сыр
Kenya, Kenia:
cheese — англ. сыр

Blue (Stilton) — голубой сыр (стилтон)

Cheddar, past. — пастеризованный сыр чеддер

Cheddar, past. rindless — пастеризованный бескорковый сыр чеддер

Gouda — гауда (твёрдый сыр из цельного молока)

Tilsiter — тильзитский

White Stilton (White Highland) — белый сыр стилтон (белый горный - шотландский – сыр)
Lebabon:
Akkavi — аккави

Baladi — балади

Halloum — халлоум

Labneh — лабнех
Luxemburg, Luxemburg:
fromage — фр. сыр

Belfermiere (Port Salut) — бельфермье (порт салют, пор-салю)

Camembert — камамбер (мягкий сыр)

Double creme, Herve — высокожирный сливочный сыр, жерве

Fromage blanc, Speisequark — столовый творог

Fromage cuit — топлёный сыр

Limbourg — лимбургский (мягкий сыр)

Romadur — ромадур

Sans Egal (Brie) — санзегаль (бри)
Netherlands, Niederlande:
kaas — нидерл. сыр

cheese — англ. сыр

Amsterdam — амстердамский

Bluefort — блёфор (голубой сыр)

Brotkäse — сыр в форме хлеба

Cheddar — чеддер (твёрдый сыр с ореховым вкусом)

Cheshire — чешир (твёрдый сыр с пикантным вкусом)

Cottage-cheese — домашний сыр, зернёный творог

Delft — дельфт

Edam — эдамский (твёрдый сыр)

Frisian (Friesenkäse) — фризский cыр нагель

Frise Nagelkaas — фризский [фрисландский] cыр (прессованный сыр с пряными травами)

Geheimratskäse — имперский сыр (твёрдый ломтевой сыр типа гауды или эдамского)

Gouda — гауда (твёрдый сыр из цельного молока)

Kanterkäse — сыр кантер

Kernhem — кернхем

Leyden (Leidener Käse) — лейденский сыр

Limburger Käse — лимбургский (мягкий сыр)

Meshanger — мешангский

Mon Chou — мон шу

Rahmkäse — сливочный сыр

Roomkaas — домашний сыр, зернёный творог

Saint-Paulin (St. Paulin) — сен полен

Schimmelkäse — плесневой сыр, сыр с плесенью

Telsit — тельзитский

Vierkantkäse — брусковый сыр
New Zealand,Neuseeland:
cheese — англ. сыр

Cheddar, rinded — чеддер с коркой (твёрдый сыр с ореховым вкусом)

Cheddar, rindless — чеддер бескорковый (твёрдый сыр с ореховым вкусом)

Colby, rinded — колби с коркой (мягкий пористый сыр)

Colby, rindless — колби бескорковый (мягкий пористый сыр)

Egmont — эгмонт
Norway, Norwegen:
ost — норв. сыр

cheese — англ. сыр

Brie — бри (мягкий скоропортящийся сыр)

Camembert — камамбер (мягкий сыр)

Cheddar — чеддер (твёрдый сыр с ореховым вкусом)

Cheshire — чешир (твёрдый сыр с пикантным вкусом)

Creme Chateau — крем шато

Edamerost — эдамский (твёрдый сыр)

Flotenmysost, helfet — флит (жирный сыр из сыворотки коровьего молока)

Gammelost — гаммелост (сыр из обежиренного молока)

Gaitost, helfet — жирный сыр из козьего молока

Gouda — гауда (твёрдый сыр из цельного молока)

Gudbrandsdalost — гудбрандсдальский сыр

Jarlsbergost — иарлсбергский сыр

Mysost — мисост

Nokkelost — сыр ноккел

Norbo — норбо

Normannost (Blue Cheese) — нормандский голубой сыр

Norvegia (rindless) — норвегия (бескорковый)

Port Salut — порт салют, пор-салю

Pultost — сыр пулт

Ridder — ридер

Saint-Paulin — сен-полен

Tilsiter — тильзитский
Peru:
queso — исп. сыр

Queso Blanko — белый сыр
Poland, Polen:
ser — польск. сыр

Cheddar — чеддер (твёрдый сыр с ореховым вкусом)

Camembert — камамбер (мягкий сыр)

Edam — эдамский (твёрдый сыр)

Emmental — эмментальский (твёрдый швейцарский сыр с нежным ореховым вкусом)

Gouda — гауда (твёрдый сыр из цельного молока)

Gruyere — грюйер (швейцарский сыр с ореховым вкусом из цельного молока)

Jägerkäse — охотничий сыр

Limburger — лимбургский (мягкий сыр)

Podhalanski — сыр типа голландского

Rokpal — рокпал

Romadur — ромадур

Salami — салями

Ser Trapistaw — трапистский сыр

Ser Twarogowy — творожный сыр

Ser Tylzycki — тильзитский сыр

Trapist — трапистский

Warminski-Käse — варминский сыр
Ramania, Rumanien:
brinza, brinzetuti — рум. сыр

Brinza — брынза

Carpati — карпатский

Cascaval Penteleu — качкавал пентелеу

Cheddar — чеддер (твёрдый сыр с нежным ореховым вкусом)

Emmental — эмментальский (швейцарский твёрдый сыр с нежным ореховым вкусом)

Fetta — сливочный сыр

Harghita — харгхита

Kashkaval (aus Kuhmilch) — качкавал (из коровьего молока)

Kashkaval (aus Schafmich) — качкавал (из овечьего молока)

Nasal — назаль

Telemea — телемеа

Trapiste — трапистский

Urda — урда
Saudi Arabia, Saudi-Arabien:
Jupnek — юпнек
Spain, Spanien:
queso — исп. сыр

Aragon — арагонский

Burgos — бургоский

Cabra de Alikante — козий сыр аликанский

Cabra de Cadiz — козий сыр кадисский

Cebrero — себреро (слоистый сыр)

Idiazabel — идиазабель

Manchego — манчего

Queso de Mahon — сыр маон

Queso Fresco — свежий сыр (сыр, вырабатываемый без созревания)

Queso Pasiego — сыр пасиего

Quesucos —

San Simon — сан симон

Tetilla — тетильо

Ulloa — уллоа

Villalon — вильялон
Sweden, Schweden:
ost — швед. сыр

Adelost — сыр с сине-зелёной плесенью

Ambrosiaost — ароматный сыр

Camembertost — камамбер (мягкий сыр)

Cheddarost — чеддер (твёрдый сыр с ореховым вкусом)

Creme Cantilly — сливочный кантильский

Creme Chateau — сливочный дворцовый

Edamer — эдамский (твёрдый сыр)

Gervaiaost — сыр жерве

Getost — сыр из козьего молока

Gouda — гауда (твёрдый сыр из цельного молока)

Greve — греве

Halsingeost — хельсинкский сыр

Herrgardsost — сыр хергард

Hushallost — домашний сыр, зернёный творог

Kaggost — каггост

Mesost — мюзеост

Messmor — мессмёр (пастообразный сыр из сыворотки коровьего и/или овечьего молока)

Palazzo — дворцовый сыр

Portsalutost (Port Salut) — сыр порт салют (пор-салю)

Prastkäse, Prästost — сыр прест

Riddarost — сыр риддар

Steppost — степной (твёрдый сыр)

Stiltonost — сыр стилтон

Sveciaost — шведский сыр

Sveciaost [spice(d)] — шведский сыр (со специями)

Tilsiter — тильзитский

Vasterbottenost — вестерботский сыр

Vastgotaost — вестготский сыр

Västerbottenost — вестерботский сыр
Switzerland, Schweiz:
сheese — англ. сыр

fromage — фр. сыр

Appenzell(er) — аппенцельский

Bel Paese — бель паэзе

Brie Suisse — бри швейцарский

Camember Suisse — камамбер швейцарский (малый мягкий пикантный сыр в белой пушистой корке)

Glarner Kräuterkäse, Schabzieger — гларнский зелёный тёрочный сыр

Gouda — гауда (твёрдый сыр из цельного молока)

Greyerzer, Gruyere, Gruviera — грюйер

Grünschimmelkäse — сыр с зелёной плесенью

Limburger — лимбурский

Münster — мюнстерский (мягкий сычужный сыр с гладкой пушистой корочкой)

Petit Suisse — сливочный сырок

Rahmquark — жирный творог

Reblochon — реблошон

Romadur — ромадур (мягкий сыр со слизистой коркой)

Sbrinz — сбринц

Speisequark — cтоловый творог

Tête de Moine (Bellelay-Käse) — головка монастырского сыра

Tilsiter — тильзитский

Tomme Vaudoise — том воуаз

Vacherin fribourgeois (Freiburger Vacherin) — фрейбургский сыр из коровьего молока

Vacherin du Mont d’Or — сыр из коровьего молока мон дор

Walliser Raclette-Käse — вализский тёрочный сыр

Hartkäse — твёрдый сыр

Berner Alpkäse — бернский альпийский сыр

Edamer — эдамский

Emmentaler, Emmental — эмментальский (сыр с нежным ореховым вкусом)

Glarner Alpkäse — гларнский альпийский сыр

Meienkäse — мейенский сыр

Saanenkäse — сливочный сыр

Urner Alpkäse — урнерский альпийский сыр

Usernkäse — узернский сыр

Halbhartkäse — полутвёрдый сыр

Bellinzonese — беллинзонесский

Bratkäsle — браткаслийский

Brinzer Mutchli — бринцер мучли

Bünder Alpkäse — бюндерский альпийский сыр

Geißkäse — сыр из козьего молока

Münster — мюнстерский

Piora-Käse — сыр пиора

Schwyzer Alpkäse — швейцарский альпийский сыр

Tipo Piora — сыр типа пиора

Uso Piora — усо пиора

Weichkäse — мягкий сыр

Argini — аржини

Brie Suisse — швейцарский бри (скоропортящийся мягкий сычужный сыр)

Camembert Suisse — швейцарский камамбер

Limburger — лимбургский

Rabiola — рабиола

Romadur — ромадур

Toggenburger Bladerkäse — тоггенбургский сыр блодер
Syria, Syrien:
Lebnye — лебнье
Turkey, Türkei:
peynir — тур. сыр

Abaza Peynir — сыр абаза

Beyas Peynir — сыр бейаз

Kasat Peynir — сыр касат

Michalic Peynir — сыр михалик

Tulum Peynir — сыр тулум
United Kingdom, Großbritanien:
cheese — англ. сыр

Blue Vinny — голубой сыр (типа рокфора)

Cabock — кабок

Caerphylly — каэрфилли (сыр со вкусом кефира)

Charnwood — чарнвуд

Cheddar — чеддер (твёрдый сыр)

Сheshir — чешир (твёрдый сыр с пикантным вкусом)

Chester — честер (твёрдый сыр)

Derby — дерби (сыр типа чеддера)

Double Gloucester — высокожирный глостерский (неострый сыр с фруктовым вкусом)

Double Lancashire — ланкаширский

Dunlop — данлоп

Lancashire — ланкаширский

Leicester — лестерский (мягкий сыр)

Limswood — лаймсуолд

Sage Darby — шалфейский дарби

Shropeshire Blue — голубой шропшир

Stilton — стилтон (выдержанный полутвёрдый сыр типичной плесенью из коровьего молока, в продажу поступает обычно в канун рождественских праздников; внешний вид, структура и вкус сыра типа рокфораа)

Stilton Blue — голубой стилтон

Stilton White — белый стилтон

Welsh Caerphylly — уэльский кэрфили

Wensleydale — уэнслидейл

Wensleydale Blue — голубой уэнслидейл (мягкий сыр с голубыми прожилками)

Wensleydale White — белый уэнслидейл (слоистый сыр)
Venezuela:
queso — исп. сыр

Queso Blanko — брынза, белый сыр

Queso de Carba — сыр из козьего молока

Queso de Cincho — сыр синчо

Queso de Cuajada — нежирный сыр

Queso de Mano — сыр ручной выработки

Queso Llanero — сыр льанеро

Deutsch-Russisch Wörterbuch von Milch und Milcherzeugnissen > _СЫРОПРОИЗВОДЯЩИЕ СТРАНЫ И ПЕРЕЧЕНЬ ВЫРАБАТЫВАЕМЫХ СЫРОВ
5 CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE

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   ■ TRAVEL AND TOURIST GUIDES ON PORTUGAL

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   ■ HISTORY OF PORTUGAL Ancient and Medieval (2000 BCE-1415 CE)

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   ■ World War II and Portugal

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   ■ Saint-Exupery, Antoine. Wartime Writings, 1939-1944. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1986.

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   ■. "And Who is My Neighbor? A World War II Hero of Conscience for Portugal." Luso-Brazilian Review 23 (no. 2) (Summer 1989), 119-39.

   ■. "The Price of Neutrality: Portugal, the Wolfram Question, and World War II." Luso-Brazilian Review (Madison, WI), 23 (nos.1, 2) (Summer, 1986; Winter, 1986). 97-111; 108-127.

   ■. "Last of the Great Air Mysteries of the War [World War II]." Bridport and Lyme Regis Gazette (Dorset, U.K.), June 5, 2003, 24-25.

   ■. "Leslie Howard Helped Win World War II," St. Louis Post-Dispatch (St. Louis, Mo.), April 3, 5, 2005.

   ■ Wilson, Robert. A Small Death in Lisbon. London, 2000.

   ■. The Company Of Strangers. San Diego, 2002.

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   ■ The Military

   ■ Ferreira Martins, General. Historia do Exercito Portugues. Lisbon: Inquerito, 1945.

   ■ Kaulza de Arriaga, General. Guerra e Politica. Em nome da verdade. Os anos decisivos. Lisbon: Referendo, 1987.

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   ■ Pereira Marques, Fernando. Exercito e Sociedade em Portugal. No Declinio do Antigo Regime e advento do Liberalismo. Lisbon: Regra do Jogo, 1981.

   ■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm, 1977.

   ■ Ribeiro Dos Santos, Antonio Pedro. O Estado E A Order Publica. As Institui-coes Militares Portuguesas. Lisbon: Instituto Superior De Ciencias Sociais E Politicas, 1999.

   ■ Saraiva de Carvalho, Otelo. Alvorada em Abril. Amadora (Portugal): Bertrand, 1977.

   ■ Selvagem, Carlos. Portugal Militar. Compendio de Historia Militar e Naval de Portugal. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional, 1931.

   ■ Spinola, Antonio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon: Arcadia, 1974.

   ■. Pais Sem Rumo. Contributo para a historia de uma Revolucao. Lisbon: Scire, 1978.

   ■ Teixeira, Nuno Severiano. Portugal e a Guerra. Historia das intervencoes militares portuguesas nos grandes conflitos mundiais do seculo XX. Lisbon: Ed. Colibri, 1999.

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   ■ Valente, Vasco Pulido. O Poder e o Povo. A Revolucao de 1910. Lisbon: Moraes, 1976, 1982.

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   ■ Government and Politics since 1974

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   ■ Bruneau, Thomas C., and Alex Macleod. Politics in Contemporary Portugal: Parties and the Consolidation of Democracy. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1986.

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   ■ Cruzeiro, Maria Manuela. Costa Gomes-o Ultimo Marechal. Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 1998.

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   ■ Magone, José Maria. European Portugal: The Difficult Road to Sustainable Democracy. Basingstoke, U.K.: Macmillan, 1997.

   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth. The Making of Portuguese Democracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

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   ■ Maxwell, Kenneth R., and Scott C. Monje, eds. Portugal: The Constitution and the Consolidation of Democracy, 1976-1989. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Camões Center Special Report No. 2, Columbia University, 1991.

   ■ Opello, Walter C., Jr. "The New Parliament in Portugal." Legislative Studies Quarterly, 3 (May 1978): 309-334.

   ■. "Local Government and Political Culture in a Portuguese Rural County." Comparative Politics 13 (April 1981): 271-89.

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   ■. O Segredo do 25 de Novembro. Mem Martins, 1983.

   ■ Arouca, Manuel. Os Filhos Da Costa Do Sol. Mem Martins, 1989. Audibert, Pierre, and Daniel Brignon. Portugal: Les nouveaux centurions. Paris, 1974.

   ■ Baptista, Jacinto. Caminhos para uma revolução. Lisbon, 1975. Barreto, Antônio. Memórias da Reforma Agrária. Mem Martins: Europa-Amé-rica, 1983.

   ■, and C. V. Preto, eds. A Situação Social em Portugal, 1960-1996. Lisbon: Instituto de Ciências Sociais, 1996.

   ■ Bermeo, Nancy Gina. "Worker Management in Industry: Reconciling Representative Government and Industrial Democracy in a Polarized Society." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 181-98. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. The Revolution within the Revolution: Workers' Control in Rural Portugal. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■ Braeckman, Colette. Portugal: Revolution surveilée. Brussels: Rossei, 1975.

   ■ Braga da Cruz, Manuel. "O Presidente da República na génese e evolução do sistema de governor portugües." Análise social XXIX, 125-26 (1994): 237-65.

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   ■. Alvorada em Abril. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Cid, Augusto. PREC-Processo Revolucionário Eventualmente Chocante. Viseu, 1977.

   ■ Costa Lobo, Marina, and Pedro C. Magalhaes. "From 'Third Wave' to 'Third Way': Europe and the Portuguese Socialists (1975-1999)," Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans 3, no. 1 (2001), 25-35.

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   ■, and Nuno Severiano Teixeira, eds. Southern Europe and the Making of the European Union. New York: Columbia Univ. Press, 2002.

   ■ Cunhal, Alvaro. A Revolução Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Dias, Eduardo Mayone. Portugal's Secret Jews: The End of an Era. Rumford, R.I.: Peregrinação Publications, 1999.

   ■ Downs, Charles. "Comissões de Moradores and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 4 (1986): 267-94.

   ■. Revolution at the Grassroots: Community Organizations in the Portuguese Revolution. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1989.

   ■ Dufour, Jean-Marc. Prague sur Tage. Paris, 1975.

   ■ Durão Barroso, José. Le systémepolitiqueportugais face à l'intégration euro-péenne. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Eisfeid, Rainer. "Portugal: What Role/What Future?" In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal Ten Years after the Revolution. New York: RIIC, Columbia University, 1984.

   ■. Sozialistischer Pluralismus in Europa: Ansãtze und Scheitern am Beispiel Portugal. Cologne: Verlag Wissenchaft ünd Politik, 1985.

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   ■ Giaccone, Fausto. Una Storia Portoghese/ Uma História Portuguesa. Palermo: Randazzo Focus, 1987.

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   ■ Graham, Lawrence S. The Decline and Collapse of an Authoritarian Order. Beverly Hills, Calif.: Sage, 1975.

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   ■ Pilmott, Ben. "Socialism in Portugal: Was It a Revolution?" Government and Opposition 7 (Summer 1977).

   ■. "Were the Soldiers Revolutionary? The Armed Forces Movement in Portugal, 1973-1976." Iberian Studies 7, 1 (1978): 13-21.

   ■, and Jean Seaton. "Political Power and the Portuguese Media." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 43-57. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Porch, Douglas. The Portuguese Armed Forces and the Revolution. London: Croom Helm and Stanford, Calif.: Hoover Institution Press, 1977.

   ■ Pouchin, Dominique. Portugal, quelle révolution? Paris, 1976.

   ■ Pulido Valente, Vasco. "E Viva Otelo." In Pulido Valente, V., ed., O País das Maravilhas, 451-54. Lisbon, 1979 [anthology of articles from weekly Lisbon paper, Expresso].

   ■. Estudos Sobre a Crise Nacional. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Rebelo de Sousa, Marcelo. O Sistema de Governo Português antes e depois da Revisão Constitucional, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1981. Rêgo, Raúl. Militares, Clérigos e Paisanos. Lisbon, 1981. Robinson, Richard A. H. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Avelino, Cesário Borga, and Mário Cardoso. O Movemento dos Capitães e o 25 de Abril. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Portugal Depois De Abril. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Ruas, H. B., ed. A Revolução das Flores. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Rudel, Christian. La Liberte couleur d'oeillet. Paris: Fayard, 1980.

   ■ Sa, Tiago Moreira de. Os Americanos na Revolucao Portuguesa ( 1974-1976). Lisbon: Edit. Noticias, 2004.

   ■ Sá Carneiro, Francisco. Por Uma Social-Democracia Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Sanches Osôrio, Helena. Um Só Rosto. Uma Só Fé. Conversas Com Adelino Da Palma Carlos. Lisbon, 1988. Sanches Osôrio, J. The Betrayal of the 25th of April in Portugal. Madrid: Sedmay, 1975.

   ■ Schmitter, Philippe C. "Liberation by Golpe: Retrospective Thoughts on the Demise of Authoritarian Rule in Portugal." Armed Forces and Society 2 (1974): 5-33.

   ■. "An Introduction to Southern European Transitions from Authoritarian Rule: Italy, Greece, Portugal, Spain and Turkey." In G. O'Donnell,

   ■ P. C. Schmitter, and L. Whitehead, eds., Transitions from Authoritarian Rule, 3-10. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986.

   ■ Silva, Fernando Dioga da. "Uma Administração Envelhecido." Revista da Ad-ministraçao Pública 2 (Oct.-Dec. 1979).

   ■ Simões, Martinho, ed. Relatório Do 25 De Novembro: Texto Integral, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Soares, Isabel, ed. Mário Soares: O homem e o político. Lisbon, 1976. Soares, Mário. Democratização e Descolonização: Dez meses no Governo Provisório. Lisbon, 1975. Sobel, Lester A., ed. Portuguese Revolution, 1974-1976. New York: Facts on File, Inc., 1976.

   ■ Spínola, Antônio de. Portugal e o Futuro. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. País Sem Rumo: Contributo para a História de uma Revolução. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Stock, Maria José. Os Partidos do Poder: Dez Anos Depois do " 25 De Abril." Evora, 1986.

   ■ Story, Jonathan. "Portugal's Revolution of Carnations: Patterns of Change and Continuity." International Affairs 52 (July 1976): 417-34. Sweezey, Paul. "Class Struggles in Portugal." Monthly Review 27, 4 (Sept. 1975): 1-26.

   ■ Szulc, Tad. "Lisbon and Washington: Behind Portugal's Revolution." Foreign Policy 21 (Winter 1975-76): 3-62. Tavares de Almeida, Antônio. Balsemão: O retrato. Lisbon, 1981. "Vasco." Desenhos Políticos. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vasconcelos, Alvaro. "Portugal in Atlantic-Mediterranean Security." In Douglas T. Stuart, ed., Politics and Security in the Southern Region of the Atlantic Alliance, 117-36. London: Macmillan, 1988.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "Golpes militares e golpes literários. A literatura do golpe de 25 de Abril de 1974 em contexto histôrico." Penélope. Fazer E Desfazer A História, 19-20 (1998): 191-212.

   ■. "Tributo ao Historiador dos Historiadores. Memorias de A.H.de Oliveira Marques (1933-2007)," Historia XXIX, 95, III series (March 2007), 18-22.

   ■ Wiarda, Howard J. Transcending Corporatism? The Portuguese Corporative System and the Revolution of 1974. Columbia: Institute of International Studies, University of South Carolina, 1976.

   ■. The Transition to Democracy in Spain and Portugal. Washington, D.C.: American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, 1989. Wise, Audrey. Eyewitness in Revolutionary Portugal. With a Preface by Judith Hart, MP. London: Spokesman, 1975.

   ■ PHYSICAL FEATURES: GEOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY, FAUNA, AND FLORA

   ■ Birot, Pierre. Le Portugal: Étude de géographie régionale. Paris, 1950.

   ■ Embleton, Clifford. Geomorphology of Europe. London: Macmillan, 1984.

   ■ Girão, Aristides de Amorim. Divisão regional, divisão agrícola e divisão administrativa. Coimbra, 1932.

   ■. Condições geográficos e históricas de autonomia política de Portugal. Coimbra, 1935.

   ■. Atlas de Portugal, 2nd ed. Coimbra, 1958.

   ■ Ribeiro, Orlando. Portugal, O Mediterrâneo e o Altântico. Coimbra, 1945 and later eds.

   ■. Portugal. Volume V of Geografia de Espana y Portugal. Barcelona, 1955.

   ■. Ensaios de Geografia Humana e regio nal. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■. A geografia e a divisão regional do país. Lisbon, 1970.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. The Individuality of Portugal. Austin: The University of Texas Press, 1959.

   ■. Portugal's Other Kingdom: The Algarve. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1963.

   ■ Taylor, Albert William. Wild Flowers of Spain and Portugal. London: Chatto & Windus, 1972.

   ■ Way, Ruth, and Margaret Simmons. A Geography of Spain and Portugal. London: Methuen, 1962.

   ■ ARCHAEOLOGY AND PREHISTORY

   ■ "Actas do Colóquio Inter-Universitário do Noroeste Peninsular (Porto-Baião, 1988), vol. II, Proto-História, romanização e Idade Média." In Trabalhos de antropologia e etnologia. 28, 3-4 (1988).

   ■ Alarcão, Jorge de, ed. "Do Paleolítico va arte visigótica." Vol. 1, História da

   ■ Arte em Portugal. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■. Roman Portugal, 3 vols. Warminister, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■. Portugal Das Orígens A Romanização. Vol. I. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História de Portugal. Lisbon: Presença, 1990. Anderson, James M., and M. S. Lea. Portugal 1001 Sights: An Archaeological and Historical Guide. Calgary, Alberta: University of Calgary and Robert Hale, 1994.

   ■ Balmuth, Miriam S., Antonio Gilman, and Lourdes Prados-Torreira, eds. Encounters and Transformations: The Archaeology of Iberia in Transition. Monographs in Mediterranean Archaeology, no. 7. Sheffield, U.K.: Sheffield Academic Press, 1997.

   ■ Beirão, C. M. M. Une civilization protohistorique du Sud au Portugal ( 1er Age du Fer). Paris: D. Boccard, 1986.

   ■ Cardoso, João Luís, Santinho A. Cunha, and Delberto Aguiar. O Homem Pre-Histórico no Concelho de Oeiras. Oeiras, Portugal: Estudos Arquelógicos de Oeiras, 1991.

   ■ Harrison, Richard J. The Bell Beaker Cultures of Spain and Portugal. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977.

   ■ Mangas, Júlio, ed. Hispania epigraphica. Madrid, 1989.

   ■ Maloney, Stephanie J. "The Villa of Toerre de Palma, Portugal: Archaeology and Preservation." Portuguese Studies Review VIII, 1 (Fall-Winter, 1999-2000): 14-28.

   ■ Savory, H. N. Spain and Portugal: The Prehistory of the Iberian Peninsula. London, 1968.

   ■ Silva, A. C. F. A cultura castreja no Noroeste de Portugal. Paços de Ferreira:

   ■ Museu da Citânia de Sanfins, 1986. Straus, L. G. Iberia before the Iberians. Albuquerque, N.M., 1992.

   ■ FOREIGN TRAVELERS AND RESIDENTS' ACCOUNTS

   ■ Andersen, Hans Christian. A Visit to Portugal 1866. London: Peter Owen, 1972.

   ■ Beckford, William. Italy, with Sketches of Spain and Portugal. Paris: Baudry's European Library, 1834.

   ■. The Journal of William Beckford in Portugal and Spain 1787-1788.

   ■ Boyd Alexander, ed. London: Hart-Davies, 1954.

   ■. Recollections of an Excursion to the Monasteries of Alcoboca and Batalha. Fontwell, U.K.: Centaur Press, 1972.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. In Portugal. London: Bodley Head, 1912.

   ■ Borrow, George. The Bible in Spain, 2 vols. London: Constable, 1923 ed.

   ■ Chaves, Castelo Branco. Os livros de viagens em Portugal no século XVIII e a sua projecção europeia. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Costigan, Arthur William. Sketches of Society and Manners in Portugal. London: T. Vernon, 1787.

   ■ Crawfurd, Oswald. Portugal Old and New. London: Kegan, Paul, 1880.

   ■. Round the Calendar in Portugal. London: Chapman & Hall, 1890.

   ■ Darymple, William. Travels through Spain and Portugal in 1774. London: J. Almon, 1777.

   ■ Dumouriez, Charles Francois Duperrier. An Account of Portugal as It Appeared in 1766. London: C. Law, 1797.

   ■ Fielding, Henry. Jonathan Wild and the Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon. London: J. M. Dent, 1932.

   ■ Fullerton, Alice. To Portugal for Pleasure. London: Grafton, 1945.

   ■ Gibbons, John. I Gathered No Moss. London: Robert Hale, 1939.

   ■ Gordon, Jan, and Cora Gordon. Portuguese Somersault. London: Harrap, 1934.

   ■ Hewitt, Richard. A Cottage in Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996.

   ■ Huggett, Frank. South of Lisbon: Winter Travels in Southern Portugal. London: Gollancz, 1960.

   ■ Hume, Martin. Through Portugal. London: Richards, 1907.

   ■ Hyland, Paul. Backwards Out of the Big World: A Voyage into Portugal. Hammersmith, U.K.: HarperCollins, 1996.

   ■ Jackson, Catherine Charlotte, Lady. Fair Lusitania. London: Bentley, 1874.

   ■ Kelly, Marie Node. This Delicious Land Portugal. London: Hutchinson, 1956.

   ■ Kempner, Mary Jean. Invitation to Portugal. New York: Athenaeum, 1969.

   ■ Kingston, William H. G. Lusitanian Sketches of the Pen and Pencil. 2 vol. London: Parker, 1845.

   ■ Landmann, George. Historical, Military and Picturesque Observations on Portugal. 2 vol. London: Cadell and Davies, 1818.

   ■ Latouche, John [Pseudonym of Oswald Crawfurd]. Travels in Portugal. London: Ward, Lock & Taylor, ca. 1874.

   ■ Link, Henry Frederick. Travels in Portugal and France and Spain. London: Longman & Rees, 1801.

   ■ Macauley, Rose. They Went to Portugal. London: Jonathan Cape, 1946.

   ■. They Went to Portugal, Too. Manchester: Carcanet Books, 1990.

   ■ Merle, Iris. Portuguese Panorama. London: Ouzel, 1958.

   ■ Murphy, J. C. Travels in Portugal. London: 1795.

   ■ Proper, Datus C. The Last Old Place: A Search through Portugal. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1992.

   ■ Quillinan, Dorothy [Wordsworth]. Journal of a Few Months in Portugal with Glimpses of the South of Spain. 2 vol. London: Moxon, 1847. Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1954. Smith, Karine R. Until Tomorrow: Azores and Portugal. Snohomish, Wash.: Snohomish Publishing, 1978. Southey, Robert. Journals of a Residence in Portugal, 1800-1801 and a Visit to France, 1838. London and New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1912. Thomas, Gordon Kent. Lord Byron's Iberian Pilgrimage. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983. Twiss, Richard. Travels through Portugal and Spain in 1772-1773. London, 1775.

   ■ Watson, Gilbert. Sunshine and Sentiment in Portugal. London: Arnold, 1904. Wheeler, Douglas L. "A[n American] Fulbrighter in Lisbon, Portugal, 196162." Portuguese Studies Review 1 (1991): 9-16.

   ■ PORTUGUESE CARTOGRAPHY, DISCOVERIES, AND NAVIGATION

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Curso de História de Naútica. Coimbra, 1972.

   ■. Introdução a história dos descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Mem Martins, 1983.

   ■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon: Alfa, 1983.

   ■. Navegadores, viajantes e adventureiros portugueses: Séculos XV e XVI. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Portuguese Books on Nautical Science from Pedro Nunes to 1650. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■. Os Descobrimentos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Boorstin, Daniel. The Discoverers. New York: Random House, 1983. Boxer, C. R. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire, 1415-1825. London: Hutchinson, 1969.

   ■ Brazão, Eduardo. La découverte de Terre-Neuve. Montreal: Les Presses de l'Université, 1964.

   ■. "Les Corte-Real et le Nouveau Monde." Revue d'histoire d'Amérique Française 19, 1 (1965): 335-49. Cortesão, Armando, and Avelino Teixeira de Mota. Cartografia Portuguesa Antiga. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■. Portugalia Monumenta Cartográfica, 6 vols. Lisbon, 1960-62.

   ■. História da Cartografia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1969-70.

   ■ Cortesão, Jaime. L'expansion des portugais dans l'historie de la civilisation. Brussels, 1930.

   ■. Os descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. V. Magalhães Godinho and Joel Serrão, eds. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■. A expansão dos Portugueses no período henriquinho. Lisbon, 1965.

   ■. Descobrimentos precolombanos dos portugueses. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■ Costa, Abel Fontoura da. A Marinharia dos Descobrimentos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1960.

   ■ Costa Brochado, Idalino F. Descobrimento do Atlântico. Lisbon, 1958. English ed., 1959-60.

   ■ Coutinho, Admiral Gago. A naútica dos descobrimentos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1951-52.

   ■ Crone, G. R. Maps and Their Makers. New York: Capricorn Books, 1966.

   ■ Dias, José S. da Silva. Os descobrimentos e a problemática cultural do Século XVI, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Disney, Anthony, and Emily Booth, eds. Vasco Da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.

   ■ Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães, ed. Documentos sobre a expansão portuguesa [ to 1460], 3 vols. Lisbon, 1945-54.

   ■ Guedes, Max, and Gerald Lombardi, eds. Portugal. Brazil: The Age of Atlantic Discoveries. Lisbon: Bertrand; Milan: Ricci; Brazilian Culture Foundation, 1990. [Catalogue of New York Public Library Exhibit, Summer 1990]

   ■ Harley, J. B., and David Woodward. The History of Cartography. Volume 1: Cartography in Prehistoric, Ancient and Medieval Europe and Mediterranean. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1987.

   ■ Leite, Duarte. História dos Descobrimentos: Colectânea de esparsos, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1958-61.

   ■ Ley, Charles. Portuguese Voyages, 1498-1663. London: Dent, 1953.

   ■ Marques, J. Martins da Silva. Descobrimentos portugueses, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1944-71.

   ■ Martyn, John R. C., ed. Pedro Nunes ( 1502-1578): His Lost Algebra and Other Discoveries. John R. C. Martyn, trans. New York: Peter Lang, 1996.

   ■ Morison, Samuel Eliot. The European Discovery of America: The Northern Voyages, A. D. 500-1600. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971.

   ■. Portuguese Voyages to America in the Fifteenth Century. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1974.

   ■ Mota, Avelino Teixeira da. Mar, Além-Mar-Estudos e Ensaios de História e Geografia. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Vida e Obra do Infante D. Henrique. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Parry, J. H. The Discovery of the Sea. New York: Dial, 1974.

   ■ Penrose, Boies. Travel and Discovery in the Renaissance, 1420-1620. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1952.

   ■ Peres, Damião. História dos Descobrimentos Portugueses. Oporto, 1943.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. The Portuguese Pioneers. London, 1933; New York: Barnes & Noble, 1967.

   ■ Rogers, Francis M. Precision Astrolabe: Portuguese Navigators and Transoceanic Aviation. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Seary, E. R. "The Portuguese Element in the Place Names of Newfoundland." In Luís Albuquerque, ed., Vice-Almirante A. Teixeira da Mota: In Memo-riam. Vol. II, 359-64. Lisbon: Academia da Marinha, 1989.

   ■ Subrahmanyam, Sanjay. The Career and Legend of Vasco Da Gama. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

   ■ Velho, Alvaro. Roteiro ( Navigator's Route) da Primeira Viagem de Vasco da Gama ( 1497-1499). Lisbon, 1960.

   ■ Winius, George, ed. Portugal, the Pathfinder: Journeys from the Medieval toward the Modern World 1300-ca. 1600. Madison, Wisc.: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, 1995.

   ■ PORTUGAL AND HER OVERSEAS EMPIRES (1415-1975)

   ■ Abshire, David M., and Michael A. Samuels, eds. Portuguese Africa: A Handbook. New York: Praeger, 1969.

   ■ Afonso, Aniceto, and Carlos de Matos Gomes. Guerra Colonial. Lisbon: Noticias, 2001.

   ■ Albuquerque, J. Moushino de. Moçambique. Lisbon, 1898.

   ■ Alden, Dauril. The Making of an Enterprise: The Society of Jesus in Portugal, Its Empire & Beyond. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1995.

   ■ Alexandre, Valentim. Orígens do Colonialismo Português Moderno ( 18221891). Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1979.

   ■. Velho Brasil, Novas Africas: Portugal e o Império ( 1808-1975). Oporto: Afrontamento, 2000.

   ■, and Jill Dias, eds. "O Império Africano 1825-1890. Volume X." In J.

   ■ Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds., Nova História Da Expansão Portuguesa. Lisbon: Estampa, 1998.

   ■ Ames, Glen J. "The Carreira da India, 1668-1682: Maritime Enterprise and the Quest for Stability in Portugal's Asian Empire." Journal of European Economic History 20, 1 (1991): 7-28.

   ■. Renascent Empire? The House of Braganza and the Quest for Stability in Portuguese Monsoon Asia, ca. 1640-1683. Amsterdam: Amsterdam Univ.Press, 2000.

   ■. Vasco da Gama. Renaissance Crusader. New York: Pearson/Longman, 2005.

   ■ Antunes, José Freire. O Império com Pés de Barro: Colonizaçao e Descolonização: As Ideologias em Portugal. Lisbon: D. Quixote, 1980.

   ■. O Factor Africano 1890-1990. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1990.

   ■. A Guerra De Africa 1961-1974, 2 vols. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995-96.

   ■. Jorge Jardim: Agente Secreto 1919-1982. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1996.

   ■ Axelson, Eric A. South-East Africa, 1488-1530. London: Longmans, 1940.

   ■. "Prince Henry and the Discovery of the Sea Route to India." Geographical Journal (U.K.) 127, 2 (June 1961): 145-58.

   ■. Portugal and the Scramble for Africa, 1875-1891. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1967.

   ■. Portuguese in South-East Africa, 1488-1699. Cape Town: Struik, 1973.

   ■. Congo to Cape: Early Portuguese Explorers. New York: Harper & Row, 1974.

   ■ Azevedo, Mário. Historical Dictionary of Mozambique, 2nd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2003.

   ■ Baião, António, Hernãni Cidade, and Manuel Murias, eds. História da Expansão Portuguesa no Mundo, 4 vols. Lisbon, 1937-40.

   ■ Bender, Gerald J. "The Limits of Counterinsurgency [in the Angolan War, 1961-72]." Comparative Politics (1972): 331-60.

   ■. Angola under the Portuguese: The Myth Versus Reality. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978.

   ■ Bhíla, H. H. K. Trade and Politics in a Shona Kingdom: The Manyika and Their Portuguese and African Neighbours, 1875-1902. Harlow, U.K.: Longman, 1990.

   ■ Birmingham, David. The Portuguese Conquest of Angola. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965.

   ■. Trade and Conflict in Angola. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966.

   ■. Frontline Nationalism in Angola & Mozambique. London: James Currey, 1992.

   ■. Portugal and Africa. New York: St. Martins, 1999.

   ■ Bottineau, Yves. Le Portugal Et Sa Vocation Maritime. Paris: Boccard, 1977. Boxer, C. R. Fidalgos in the Far East— Fact and Fancy in the History of Macau. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1948. ———. The Christian Century in Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1951.

   ■ ———. Salvador de Sá and the Struggle for Brazil and Angola, 1602-1688. London, 1952.

   ■ ———. Four Centuries of Portuguese Expansion, 1415-1825: A Succinct Survey. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1961.

   ■ ———. The Golden Age of Brazil, 1695-1750. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1962.

   ■ ———. Race Relations in the Portuguese Colonial Empire, 1415-1825. Oxford:

   ■ Clarendon Press, 1963. ———. Portuguese Society in the Tropics. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1965.

   ■ ———. The Portuguese Seaborne Empire 1415-1825. London: Hutchi nson, 1969.

   ■ ———, and Carlos de Azevedo, eds. Fort Jesus and the Portuguese in Mombasa. London: Hollis and Carter, 1960.

   ■ Broadhead, Susan H. Historical Dictionary of Angola, 2nd ed. Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1992.

   ■ Burton, Richard. Goa and the Blue Mountains. London: Bentley, 1851.

   ■ Cabral, Luís. Crónica da Libertação. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Caetano, Marcello. Colonizing Traditions, Principles and Methods of the Portuguese. Lisbon, 1951.

   ■ ———. Portugal E A Internacionalização Dos Problemas Africanos, 3rd ed. Lisbon, 1965.

   ■ Cann, John P. Counterinsurgency in Africa: The Portuguese Way of War, 1961-1974. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1997. Castelo, Claudia. " O modo portugues de estar no mundo." O luso-tropicalismo e a ideologia colonial portuguesa ( 1931-1961). Oporto: Afrontamento, 1998. Castro, Armando. O Sistema Colonial Português em Africa ( meados do Século XX). Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Chaliand, Gerard. "The Independence of Guinea-Bissau and the Heritage of [Amilcar] Cabral." In Revolution in the Third World. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1978.

   ■ Chilcote, Ronald H. Portuguese Africa. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1967.

   ■ Clarence-Smith, Gervase. Slaves, Peasants and Capitalists in Southern Angola 1840-1926. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.

   ■ ———. The Third Portuguese Empire 1825-1975: A Study in Economic Imperialism. Manchester, U.K.: Manchester University Press, 1985.

   ■ Coates, Timothy J. Convicts and Orphans: Forced and State-Sponsored Colonizers in the Portuguese Empire, 1550-1720. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2001.

   ■ Davies, Shann. Macau. Singapore: Times Editions, 1986.

   ■ Dias, C. Malheiro, ed. História da colonização portuguesa no Brasil, 3 vols. Oporto, 1921-24.

   ■ Diffie, Bailey W., and George Winius. Foundations of the Portuguese Empire, 1415-1580. Minneapolis: Minnesota University Press, 1977.

   ■ Disney, Anthony R. Twilight of the Pepper Empire: Portuguese Trade in Southwest India in the Early Seventeenth Century. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1978.

   ■ ———, and Emily Booth, eds. Vasco Da Gama and the Linking of Europe and Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.

   ■ Duffy, James. Shipwreck and Empire: Being an Account of Portuguese Maritime Disaster in a Century of Decline. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1955.

   ■ ———. Portuguese Africa. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1959. ———. Portugal in Africa. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1962.

   ■. "The Portuguese Territories." In Colin Legum, ed., Africa: A Handbook to the Continent. New York: Holmes & Meier, 1967. ———. A Question of Slavery. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1967. Felgas, Hélio. História do Congo Português. Carmona, Angola, 1958. ———. Guerra em Angola. Lisbon, 1961.

   ■ Galvão, Henrique, and Carlos Selvagam. O Império Ultramarino Português, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1953.

   ■ Gleijeses, Piero. Conflicting Missions: Havana, Washington and Africa, 19591976. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002.

   ■ Godinho, Vitorino Magalhães. "Portugal and Her Empire." In The New Cambridge Modern History. Vol. V (1961): 384-97; Vol. VI (1963): 509-TO.

   ■ Grenfell, F. James. História da Igreja Baptista em Angola, 1879-1975. Queluz, Portugal: Núcleo, 1998.

   ■ Hammond, Richard J. "Economic Imperialism: Sidelights on a Stereotype." Journal of Economic History XXI, 4 (1961): 582-98.

   ■ ———. Portugal and Africa, 1815-1910: A Study in Uneconomic Imperialism. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1966.

   ■ Hanson, Carl. Portugal and the Wider World 1147-1497. New Orleans, La.: University Press of the South, 2001.

   ■ Harris, Marvin. Portugal's African Wards. New York: American Committee on Africa, 1957.

   ■ ———. "Portugal's Contribution to the Underdevelopment of Africa and Brazil." In Ronald H. Chilcote, ed., Protest & Resistance in Angola & Brazil: Comparative Studies, 209-23. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1972.

   ■ Henderson, Lawrence W. Angola: Five Centuries of Conflict. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1979. ———. A Igreja Em Angola. Lisbon: Edit. Além-Mar, 1990. Heywood, Linda. Contested Power in Angola 1840s to the Present. Rochester, N.Y.: University of Rochester Press, 2000.

   ■ Hilton, Anne. The Kingdom of Kongo. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1985.

   ■ Hower, Alfred, and Richard Preto-Rodas, eds. Empire in Transition: The Portuguese World in the Time of Camões. Gainesville: University Presses of Florida, 1985.

   ■ Isaacman, Allen. "The Prazos da Coroa 1752-1830: A Functional Analysis of the Political System." STUDIA (Lisbon) 26 (1969): 149-78.

   ■. Mozambique: The Africanization of a European Institution: The Zambezi Prazos, 1750-1902. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1972.

   ■ ———. The Tradition of Resistance in Mozambique: Anti-Colonial Activity in the Zambesi Valley 1850-1921. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976.

   ■ James, Martin. Historical Dictionary of Angola, 3rd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2004.

   ■ Jardim, Jorge. Sanctions Double-Cross: Oil to Rhodesia. Lisbon, 1978. Johnson, Harold, and Maria Beatriz Nizza da Silva. O Império Luso-Brasileiro 1500-1620. Volume VI. In J. Serrão and A. H. de Oliveira Marques, eds. Nova História Da Expansão Portuguesa. Lisbon: Estampa, 1992. Joliffe, Jill. East Timor: Nationalism & Colonialism. University of Queensland Press, 1978.

   ■ Kea, Ray A. Settlements, Trade and Politics in the Seventeenth Century Gold Coast. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982.

   ■ Kohen, Arnold. From the Place of the Dead. The Epic Struggles of Bishop Belo of East Timor. New York: St Martins, 1999.

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   ■ Sideri, Sandro. Trade and Power: Informal Colonialism in Anglo-Portuguese Relations. Rotterdam: Rotterdam University Press, 1970.

   ■ Sousa, Carlos Hermenegildo de. A Aliança Anglo-Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1943.

   ■ Stone, Glyn A. "The Official British Attitude to the Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 1910-45." Journal of Contemporary History (London) 10, 4 (Oct. 1975): 729-46.

   ■. The Oldest Ally: Britain and the Portuguese Connection, 1936-1941. Woodbridge, U.K.: Royal Historical Society and Boydell Press, 1994. Teixeira, Nuno Severiano. O Ultimatum Inglês: Política Externa no Portugal do 1890. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Teles, Basilio. Do Ultimatum ao 30 de Janeiro. Oporto, 1905.

   ■ Vicente, António Pedro. "Um testemunho de 1796 sobre a Situação de Portugal face ao domínio inglês." In Arquivos do Centro Cultural Portugües, IV. Paris, 1972.

   ■ Vieira de Castro, Luís. D. Carlos I. ( Elementos de História Diplomática), 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1941.

   ■ Vincent-Smith, John. "Britain, Portugal and the First World War." European Studies Review 4, 3 (1974).

   ■. "The Portuguese Economy and the Anglo-Portuguese Commercial Treaty of 1916." Iberian Studies (Keele, U.K.) III, 2 (Autumn 1974): 49-54.

   ■. As Relações Políticas Luso-Britânicas 1910-1916. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■. "The Portuguese Republic and Britain, 1910-14." Journal of Contemporary History 10, 4 (Oct. 1975): 707-27.

   ■ Vintras, R. E. The Portuguese Connection: A Secret History of the Azores Base. London: Bachman & Turner, 1974. Viriato [Pseud]. A Aliança lnglesa. Lisbon, 1914.

   ■ Walford, A. R. The British Factory in Lisbon and Its Closing Stages Ensuring upon the Treaty of 1810. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Wheeler, Douglas L. "The Portuguese in Angola, 1836-1891: A Study in Expansion and Administration." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 1963.

   ■. "19th Century: Anglo-Portuguese Alliance and the Scramble for Africa." In BBC, 600 Years of Anglo-Portuguese Alliance, 40-43. London: BBC, 1973.

   ■. "The Price of Neutrality: Portugal, the Wolfram Question and World War II." Luso-Brazilian Review (Madison, Wisc.) 34, 1, 2 (Summer 1986; Winter 1986): 107-27; 97-111.

   ■ Wordsworth, William. William Wordsworth's Convention of Cintra: A Facsimile of the 1809 Tract [Introduction by Gordon Kent Thomas]. Provo, Utah: Brigham Young University Press, 1983.

   ■ Young, George. Portugal Old and Young. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1917.

   ■ ANTHROPOLOGY, SOCIOLOGY, RURAL AND URBAN SOCIETY

   ■ Almeida, Miguel Vale de. The Hegemonic Male: Masculinity in a Portuguese Town. Oxford: Berghan, 1996.

   ■ Black, Richard. Crisis and Change in Rural Europe: Agricultural Development in the Portuguese Mountains. Aldershot, U.K.: Avebury and Ashgate, 1992.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. Men Who Migrate, Women Who Wait: Population and History in a Portuguese Parish. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

   ■. "The Absence of Men." Natural History 96, 2 (Feb. 1987): 52-61.

   ■. "The Portuguese." In Encyclopedia of World Cultures. New Haven, Conn.: Human Relations Area Files, 1990.

   ■. "The Priest and His People: The Contractual Basis for Religious Practice in Rural Portugal." In Ellen Badone, ed., Religious Orthodoxy and Popular Faith in European Society, 55-75. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1990.

   ■ Brogger, Jan. Pre-bureaucratic Europeans: A Study of a Portuguese Fishing Community. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989. Cabral, Manuel Villaverde. "Portuguese Perspectives." Sociologia Ruralis [Journal of European Rural Sociology] XXIV, 1 (1986); number devoted to rural Portugal today. Chaney, Rick. Regional Emigration and Remittances in Developing Countries: The Portuguese Experience. New York: Praeger, 1986. Cole, Sally. Women of the Praia: Work and Lives in a Portuguese Colonial Community. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1991. Cutileiro, José. A Portuguese Rural Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971.

   ■ Deschamps, Paul. Portugal: La Vie Sociale Actuelle. Paris, 1935.

   ■. Histoire Sociale du Portugal. Paris, 1959.

   ■ Dias, Jorge. Rio do Onor-comunitarismo agropastoral. Oporto, 1953.

   ■. Ensaios Etnológicos. Lisbon, 1961.

   ■. The Portuguese Contribution to Cultural Anthropology. Johannesburg: Witwaterstrand University Press, 1964.

   ■. Vilarinho Da Furna: Uma Aldeia Comunitária. Rev. ed. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Downs, Charles. Os Moradores à Conquista da Cidade. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■. "Community Organization, Political Change and Urban Policy: Portugal. 1974-1976." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology. University of California, 1980.

   ■. "Residents' Commissions and Urban Struggles in Revolutionary Portugal." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal: The Revolution and Its Consequences. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Dracklé, Dorlé. Macht und Ohnmacht: Der Kampf num die Agarreform im Alentejo ( Portugal). Gottingen, Germany: Edit. Re, 1991.

   ■ Espírito Santo, Moise. Communidade Rural ao Norte do Tejo. Lisbon, 1980.

   ■ Feijó, Rui, H. Martins, and João de Pina Cabral, eds. Death in Portugal. Oxford: Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford, 1983.

   ■ Feijó, Rui Graça. "State, Nation and Regional Diversity in Portugal: An Overview." In Richard Herr and John H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity: Essays on the Nature of Identity in Portugal and Spain, 37-47. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, University of California, 1989.

   ■ Feio, Mariano. Les Bas Alentejo et l'Algarve. Lisbon, 1949.

   ■ Ferreira de Almeida, João. Classes sociais nos campos. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Fonseca, Ramiro da. O Livro da Saúde e da Doença. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. Portugal: A Book of Folk-Ways. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1936. Reprinted, 1961.

   ■ Hoefgen, Lynn. "The Integration of Returnees from the Colonies into Portugal's Social and Economic Life." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, University of Florida, 1985.

   ■ Ingerson, Alice Elizabeth. "Corporatism and Class Consciousness in Northwestern Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology. Johns Hopkins University, 1984.

   ■ Jenkins, Robin. The Road to Alto. London: Pluto Press, 1979.

   ■ Lawrence, Denise. "Menstrual Politics: Women and Pigs in Rural Portugal." In T. Buckley and A. Gottlieb, eds., Blood Magic: The Anthropology of Menstruation, 117-36. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.

   ■. "Suburbanization of House Form and Gender Relations in a Rural Portuguese Agro-Town." Architecture and Behavior 4, 3 (1988): 197-212.

   ■ Martins, Hermínio. "Portugal." In Margaret S. Archer and Salvador Giner, eds., Contemporary Europe: Class, Status and Power. New York: St. Martins, 1971.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Identificação de um país. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Merten, Peter. Anarchismüs und Arbeiterkãmpf in Portugal. Hamburg: Libera-tare Association, 1981.

   ■ Monteiro, Paulo. Terra que ja foi terra: Análise Sociológica de nove lugares agro-pastorais da Serra da Lousã. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Nataf, Daniel. "Social Cleavages and Regime Formation in Contemporary Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Political Science, UCLA, 1987.

   ■ Nazareth, J. Manuel. "Familia e Emigração em Portugal: Ensaio Exploratório." Economia e Socialismo 23 (1977): 31-50.

   ■ O'Neill, Brian Juan. "Dying and Inheriting in Rural Tras-os-Montes." Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford 14 (1983): 44-74.

   ■. Social Inequality in a Portuguese Hamlet: Land, Late Marriage, and Inheritance, 1870-1978. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987.

   ■ Pacheco, Helder. Tradições Populares de Portugal. Lisbon, 1985.

   ■ Pardoe, Julia. Traits and Traditions of Portugal, 2 vols. London, 1832.

   ■ Pereira Neto, João Baptista. "Social Evolution in Portugal since 1945." In Raymond S. Sayers, ed., Portugal and Brazil in Transition, 212-27. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1968.

   ■ Pina-Cabral, João de. Sons of Adam, Daughters of Eve: The Peasant World-View of the Alto Minho. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1986.

   ■. "Sociocultural Differentiation and Regional Identity in Portugal." In

   ■ R. Herr and J. H. Polt, eds., Iberian Identity, 3-18. Berkeley: Institute of International Studies, 1989.

   ■ Poinard, Michel. La Retour des Traveilleurs Portugais. Paris: La Documentation Francaise, 1979.

   ■ Reed, Robert Roy. "Managing the Revolution: Revolutionary Promise and Political Reality in Rural Portugal." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Indiana University, 1988.

   ■ Riegelhaupt, Joyce F. "In the Shadow of the City: Integration of a Portuguese Village" [São João das Lampas, nr, Cascais]. Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Anthropology, Columbia University, 1964.

   ■. "Saloio Women: An Analysis of Informal and Formal Political and Economic Roles of Portuguese Peasant Women." Anthropological Quarterly 40, 3 (July 1967): 109-26.

   ■. "Festas and Padres: The Organization of Religious Action in a Portuguese Parish." American Anthropologist 75 (1973): 835-52.

   ■. "Peasants and Politics in Salazar's Portugal: The Corporate State and Village 'Nonpolitics'" In L. S. Graham and H. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal: The Revolution and Its Antecedents, 167-90. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, Julieta E. S. de Almeida. "Continuity and Change in Urban Portuguese Women's Roles: Emerging New Household Structures." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of Sociology, Columbia University, 1979.

   ■ Rowland, Robert. "Demographic Patterns and Rural Society in Portugal." So-ciologica Ruralis 26, 1 (1986): 36-47.

   ■ Sanchis, Pierre. Arraial. La Fête d'un Peuple: Les Pélerinages Populaires au Portugal. Paris, 1976.

   ■ Siegel, Bernard J. "Social Structure and Medical Practitioners in Rural Brazil and Portugal." Sociologia (São Paulo) 20, 4 (Oct. 1958): 463-76.

   ■. "Conflict, Parochialism and Social Differentiation in Portuguese Society." Journal of Conflict Resolution V, 1 (March 1961): 35-12.

   ■ Smith, T. Lynn. "The Social Relationships of Man to the Land in Portugal." Sociologia 25, 1 (Dec. 1963): 319-43.

   ■ Sousa Santos, Boaventura. "Estado e sociedade na semiperíferia do sistema mundiale: O caso português." Análise Social 87-89 (1985): 869-902.

   ■. "Social Crisis and the State." In Kenneth Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s: Dilemmas of Democratic Consolidation, 167-95. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Vasconcellos, Joaquim Leite de. Ethnograia Portuguesa, 8 vols. Lisbon, 1941-82.

   ■. Tradições Populares Portugueses. New ed. Lisbon, 1986.

   ■ Willems, Emilio. "On Portuguese Family Structure." International Journal of Comparative Society (Dharwar, India) 3, 1 (Sept. 1962): 65-79.

   ■ ARTS, ARCHITECTURE, URBAN PLANNING, MUSIC

   ■ Almeida, Rodrigo Vicente de. História da Arte em Portugal: ( Segundo Estudo) Documentos lnéditos. Oporto, 1883. Almeida D'Eca, Admiral Vicente M. Castles of Portugal. Lisbon, 1925. Amaral, Francisco K. Lisboa: Uma Cidade em Transformação. Lisbon, 1969. Azevedo, Carlos de, and Chester Brummel. Churches of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1985.

   ■ Barreira, João, ed. Arte Portuguesa: As Decorativas, 2 vols. Lisbon, n.d.

   ■ Barretto, Mascarenhas, and George Dykes. Fado: Lyrical Origins and Poetical Motivation. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. London: Scala, 1987.

   ■ Branco, Luís de Freitas. A Música em Portugal. Lisbon, 1930.

   ■ Brito, Manuel Carlos de. Opera in Portugal in the Eighteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

   ■ Carvalho, Pinto de. História de Fado. Lisbon, 1903 and 1982 eds.

   ■ Castro d'Aire, Teresa. O Fado. Lisbon: Temas da Actualidade, 1996.

   ■ Chicó, Mário Tavares. A Architectura Gótica em Portugal. Lisbon, 1968.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. A Arte em Portugal No Século XIX. Lisbon, 1966.

   ■. Lisboa Pombalina e o Illuminismo, 2nd ed. Lisbon, 1977.

   ■. A Reconstrucão e a Arquitectura Pombalina. Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Gallop, Rodney. "The Fado (The Portuguese Song of Fate)." Musical Quarterly XIX (1933): 199-213.

   ■. Eight Portuguese Folksongs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1936.

   ■ Gil, Júlio. The Finest Churches in Portugal. Lisbon, 1988.

   ■. The Finest Castles in Portugal, 3rd ed. George F. W. Dykes, trans. Lisbon, 1996.

   ■ Gonçalves, Rui Mário. Pintura e escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura, 1984.

   ■. 100 Pintores Portugueses do século XX. Lisbon: Alfa, 1986.

   ■ Kubler, George. Portuguese Plain Architecture: Between Spices and Diamonds, 1521-1706. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1972.

   ■. Studies in Ancient American and European Art: The Collected Essays of George Kubler. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1985.

   ■, and Martin Soria. Art and Architecture in Spain and Portugal. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1959.

   ■ Lacerda, Aarão de. História da Arte em Portugal, 2 vols. Oporto, 1942-48.

   ■ Leão, Joaquim de Sousa. "Decorative Art: The Azulejo." In H. V. Livermore, ed. Portugal and Brazil: An Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1953.

   ■ Lopes Graça, Fernando. A canção popular portuguesa. Lisbon, 1953.

   ■. A música portuguesa e os sus problemas: Ensaios. Lisbon, 1959.

   ■ Moita, Luís. O fado: canção de vencidos. Lisbon, 1936.

   ■ Neves, José Cassiano. The Palace and Gardens of Fronteira: Seventeenth and Eighteenth Century Portuguese Style. Lisbon: Quetzal and Scala, 1995. North, C.T. Guia dos castelos antigos de Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon: Bertrand Ed., 2002.

   ■ Pacheco, Jose. Stuart Carvalhais. O desenho grafico e a imprensa. Lisbon: Biblioteca do Empresario, 2000. Pereira, Paulo, ed. Arte portuguesa. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1995. Picchio, Luciana Stegagno. Storia del Teatro Portoghese. Rome: Edizinio deli' Ateneo, 1964.

   ■ Queirós, José. Cerâmica Portuguesa, 2 vols. 2nd rev. ed. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Santos, Luís Reis. Monuments of Portugal. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■ Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1948-50.

   ■. História da Arte em Portugal. Oporto, 1953.

   ■ Sasportes, José. História da Dança em Portugal. Lisbon, 1970. Simões, J. M. dos Santos. "Azulejos in a Land of Many Colours." Connoisseur (London) CXXXVII, 551 (1956): 15-21.

   ■. Azulejaria em Portugal no Século X VIII. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. A Talha em Portugal. Lisbon, 1963.

   ■. The Art of Portugal, 1500-1800. London, Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1968.

   ■. "The Building of Mafra." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 360-67.

   ■ Stoop, Anne de. Demeures portugaises dans les environs de Lisbonne. Paris: Weber, 1986.

   ■. Palais et manoirs: Le Minho. Paris: Ed. du Seuil, 1995.

   ■ Tannock, Michael. Portuguese 20th Century Artists: A Biographical Dictionary. Chichester, U.K.: Phillimore, 1978.

   ■ Taylor, René. "The Architecture of Port Wine." The Architectural Review CXXIX, 772 (1961): 368-99.

   ■ Terol, Marylene. Azulejos a Lisbonne. Paris: Hervas, 1992.

   ■ Veiga de Oliveira, Ernesto. Instrumentos musicais populares portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Watson, Walter Crum. Portuguese Architecture. London: Constable, 1908. Wohl, Hellmut. "Carlos Mardel and His Lisbon Architecture." Apollo 97, 134 (April 1973): 350-59.

   ■ Sculpture and Ceramics

   ■ Andrade, Sergio de. "Presepios." In Dicionario de Arte Barroca em Portugal. Lisbon: Presenca, 1989. Barreira, Joao. Arte Portuguesa, Arquitectura e Escultura. Lisbon: Excelsior, n.d.

   ■ Cardoso, Arnaldo Pinto. O Presepio Barroco Portugues. Lisbon: Bertrand, 2003.

   ■ Chaves, Luis. Os Barristas Portugueses. Coimbra, 1925.

   ■. Natal Portugues. Oporto: Liv. Classica Editora, 1942.

   ■ Gargano, Pietro. Il Presepio. Otto Secoli di Storia, Arte, Tradizione. Milan: Fenice, 1995.

   ■ Lima, Henrique de Campos F. Joaquim Machado de Castro, Escultor Conimbricense. Coimbra: Instituto de Historia de Arte, 1989. Macedo, Diogo de. Presepios Portugueses. Lisbon: Artis, 1951.

   ■. Machado de Castro. Lisbon: Artis, 1958.

   ■ Morais, Heitor. Natal do Meu Coracao. Braga: Ed. A.O., 1991.

   ■ Pais, Alexandre Nobre. Presepios Portugueses Monumentos do Seculo XVIII em Terracotta, 2 vols. Master's thesis in history of art, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Queiros, Jose. Ceramica Portuguesa. Lisbon: Presenca, 1998. Santos, Reinaldo dos. A Escultura em Portugal. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1951. Serrao, Vitor. Historia da Arte em Portugal IV-O Barroco. Lisbon: Presenca, 2003.

   ■ Smith, Robert C. The Art Of Portugal 1500-1800. New York: Meredith Press, 1968.

   ■ Sousa, Ernesto de. Presepios. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1998.

   ■ Cinema

   ■ Antunes, Joao and Jose de Matos-Cruz, Cinema Portugues 1896-1998. Lisbon: Lusomundo, 1997.

   ■ Bandeira, Jose Gomes. Porto: 100 anos de cinema portugues. Oporto: Camara Municipal do Porto, 1996. Duarte, Fernando. Primitivos do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Cinecultura, 1960.

   ■ Faria de Almeida, M., Resumo da Historia do Cinema. Lisbon: RTP, 1982. Nobre, Roberto. Singularidades do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Portugalia, n.d.

   ■ Pina, Luis de. Aventura do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Vega, 1977.

   ■. Documentarismo Portugues. Lisbon: IPC, 1977.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Historia do Cinema Portugues. Mem Martins: Europa-America, 1986.

   ■ Ribeiro, Felix. O Cinema Portugues antes do Sonoro. Esboco Historiconema Portugues. Lisbon: Terra Livre, 1978.

   ■. Panorama do Cinema Portugues. Lisbon: n.d.

   ■ Children's Literature

   ■ Andresen, Sofia de Melo Breyner. A Fada Oriana. 9th ed. Lisbon: Figueiri-nhas, 1985.

   ■ Araújo, Matilde Rosa. A estrada fascinante. Lisbon: Livros Horizonte, 1988. Barreto, Garcia. Literatura Para Crianças E Jovens Em Portugal. Oporto:

   ■ Campo Das Letras, 1998. Bastos, Glória. A escrita para crianças em Portugal no seculo XIX. Lisbon:

   ■ Caminho da Educaçao, 1997. Cadet, Maria Rita Chiappe. Os Contos da Mamã. Lisbon: Lallement Freres, 1883.

   ■ Castro, Fernanda. Mariazinha em Africa, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1947. Cross, Esther, and Wilbur Cross. Portugal. Chicago: Childrens Press, 1986. DeSkalon, Anna, and Christa Stadtler. We Live in Portugal. New York: Watts, 1987.

   ■ Gomes, Alice. A Nau Catrineta, 2nd ed. Lisbon: Portugália, 1973.

   ■. A literatura para a infância. Lisbon: Torres & Abreu, 1979.

   ■ Letria, José Jorge. Do sentimento mágico da vida. Lisbon: Escritor, 1994. Müller, Adolfo Simões. Historiazinha de Portugal, 6th ed. Oporto: Tavares Martins, 1983.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. Para as crianças. Illustr. by Leal da Câmara. Setúbal: Liv. Crianças, 1908.

   ■ Pires, Maria Laura Bettencourt. História da literatura infantil portuguesa. Lisbon: Vega, 1981. Ribeiro, Aquilino. Arca de Noé-III Classe. Lisbon, 1989. Rocha, Natércia. Breve História da Literatura para Crianças em Portugal. Lisbon: Instituto de Cultura e Língua Portuguesa, 1984.

   ■. Bibliografia geral da literatura portuguesa para crianças. Lisbon: Edit. Comunicação, 1987.

   ■ Sá, Domingos Guimarães de. A literatura infantil em Portugal. Braga: Edit. Franciscana, 1981.

   ■ Selfridge. John. Portugal. New York: Chelsea House, 1990. Vaz de Carvalho, Maria Amália. Contos para os Nossos Filhos, 11th ed. Oporto: Barreira, 1947.

   ■ Viana, António Manuel Couto. Jõao de Deus e um século de literatura infantil em Portugal. Lisbon: Ed. do Templo, 1978.

   ■ Lisbon, Capital City, in History and Literature

   ■ Castelo-Branco, Fernando. Lisboa Seiscentista, 3rd ed. Lisbon: 1969.

   ■ Castilho, Júlio de. Lisboa Antiga, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1935-45.

   ■ Couto, Dejanirah. Histoire de Lisbonne. Paris: Fayard, 2000.

   ■ Crespo, Ángel. Lisboa Mítica e Literária. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1987.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Lisboa Desaparecida. Lisbon: Quimera, 1990.

   ■ Dionísio, Sant'anna, ed. Guia de Portugal. Vol. I: Lisboa e Arredores. Lisbon: Biblioteca Nacional de Lisboa, 1924, orig. ed; reprint, Gulbenkian Foundation, 1979.

   ■ França, José-Augusto. Lisboa Pombalina e o Iluminismo. Lisbon: Bertrand, 1977.

   ■ Moita, Irisalva, ed. O Livro de Lisboa. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1994.

   ■ Neves, Orlando. Lisboa em Crónica. Lisbon: Author's Ed., 1968.

   ■ Pavão, Luís, and Mário Pereira. Tabernas de Lisboa. Lisbon: Assírio & Alvim, 1981.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Lisboa. O que o turista deve ver: What the Tourist Should See. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1997.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. À Capital. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1960.

   ■ Santos, Piedade Braga, et al. Lisboa Setecentista vista por Estrangeiros. Lisbon: Liv. Horizonte, 1996.

   ■ Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa. Lisbon: Caminho, 1993.

   ■ Wright, David, and Patrick Swift. Lisbon: A Portrait and Guide. New York: Scribners, 1971.

   ■ The Inquisition in History

   ■ Azevedo, João Lúcio. Historia das Cristãos-Novos. Lisbon: Liv. Clássica, 1975.

   ■ Baião, António. A Inquisição em Portugal e no Brasil: Subsídios para a sua história. Lisbon: Arquivo Histórico Portugues, 1906. Bethencourt, Francisco. "Portugal: A Scrupulous Inquisition," In Bengt Ankarloo and Gustav Henningsen, eds., Early Modern Witchcraft: Centres and Peripheries, 403-22. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1990.

   ■. "Os equilíbrios sociais do Poder." In José Mattoso, ed., Historia De Portugal, Vol. 3, No Alvorecer Da Modernidade ( 1480-1620). Lisbon: Estampa, 1993.

   ■. História das Inquisições: Portugal, Espanha e Itália. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1994.

   ■ Braga, Maria Luísa. A Inquisição em Portugal na primeira metade do Séc. XVIII. Lisbon: Inst. Nacional de Investigação Científica, 1992.

   ■ Haliczer, Stephen, ed. Inquisition and Society in Early Modern Europe. London: Croom Helm, 1987.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. Reprint. New York: AMS Press, 1968.

   ■ Magalhães, Joaquim Romero. "Em Busca dos Tempos da Inquisição (15731615)." Revista de História das Ideias 9 (1987): 191-228.

   ■ Mea, Elvira Cunha Azevedo. A Inquisição de Coimbra no Século XVI. Oporto, 1989.

   ■ Mendonça, José Lourenço D. de, and António Joaquim Moreira. História da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon: Círculo de Leitores, 1980.

   ■ Novinsky, Anita, and Luísa M. Carneiro, eds. Inquisição: Ensaios sobre Mentalidade, Heresias e Arte. Rio de Janeiro: Expressão e Cultura, 1992.

   ■ Pereira, Isais da Rosa. Documentos para a história da Inquisição em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Rego, Yvonne Cunha, ed. Feiticeiros, Profetas e Visionários: Textos Antigos Portugueses. Lisbon: Imprensa Nacional e Casa da Moeda, 1981.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. Inquisição e cristãos-novos. Lisbon: Estampa, 1985.

   ■ Walker, Timothy Dale. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, Department of History, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Literature in English Translation: Selection

   ■ Alcaforado, Mariana. The Letters of a Portuguese Nun ( Mariana Alcaforado). Edgar Prestage, trans. London: D. Nutt, 1893.

   ■ Andrade, Eugénio de. "White on White." Alexis Levitin, trans. Quarterly Review of Literature. Poetry Series VIII. Vol. 27. Princeton, N.J., 1987.

   ■. Another Name for Earth; O outro nome da terra. Alexis Levitin, trans. Ft. Bragg, Calif.: QED Press, 1997.

   ■ Andresen, Sophia de Mello Breyner. Marine Rose: Selected Poems. Ruth Fain-light, trans. Redding Ridge, Conn.: Swan Books, 1989.

   ■ Antunes, António Lobo. South of Nowhere. Elizabeth Lowe, trans. New York: Random House, 1983.

   ■. Fado Alexandrino. Gregory Rabassa, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1990.

   ■. An Explanation of the Birds. Richard Zenith, trans. New York: Grove Weidenfeld, 1991.

   ■. Act of the Damned. New York: Grove Press, 1995.

   ■. The Natural Order of Things. New York: Grove Press, 2000.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. The Three Marias: New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Bell, Aubrey F. G. Poems from the Portuguese ( with the Portuguese text). A.

   ■ Bell, trans. Oxford: Blackwell, 1913.

   ■ Camões, Luís de. The Lusiads of Luís de Camões. Leonard Bacon, trans. New York: Hispanic Society of America, 1950.

   ■. The Lusiads. William C. Atkinson, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1952.

   ■. The Lusiads. Landeg White, trans. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.

   ■ Castelo Branco, Camilo. Doomed Love ( A Family Memoir). Alice R. Clemente, trans Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1995. Castro, José Maria Ferreira de. Emigrants. Dorothy Ball, trans. New York: Macmillan, 1962.

   ■. Jungle. Charles Duff, trans. New York: Viking, 1935.

   ■. The Mission. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1963.

   ■ Dantas, Júlio. The Cardinals' Collation, 48th ed. A. Saintsbury, trans. London, 1962.

   ■ Dias de Melo. Dark Stones. Gregory McNab, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1996.

   ■ Dinis, Júlio. The Fidalgos of Casa Mourisca. Rosanna Dabney, trans. Boston: D. Lothrop, 1891.

   ■ Garrett, Almeida. Brother Luiz de Sousa [play]. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: Elkin Mathess, 1909.

   ■. Travels in My Homeland. John M. Parker, trans. London: Peter Owen and UNESCO, 1987. Griffin, Jonathan. Camões: Some Poems Translated from the Portuguese by Jonathan Griffin. London: Menard Press, 1976. Jorge, Lídia. The Murmuring Coast. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1995.

   ■ Lisboa, Eugénio, ed. Portuguese Short Fiction. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1997.

   ■ Lopes, Fernão. The English in Portugal 1367-87: Extracts from the Chronicles of Dom Fernando and Dom João. Derek W. Lomax and R. J. Oakley, eds. and trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1988.

   ■ Macedo, Helder, ed. Contemporary Portuguese Poetry: An Anthology in English. Helder Macedo, et al., trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet New Press, 1978.

   ■ Martins, J. P. De Oliveira. A History of Iberian Civilization. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans.; preface by Salvador de Madariaga. New York: Cooper Square, 1969.

   ■ Mendes Pinto, Fernão. The Travels of Mendes Pinto [Orig. title: Peregrinação].

   ■ Rebecca D. Catz, trans., with introduction and notes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. Miguéis, José Rodrigues. A Man Smiles at Death with Half a Face. George

   ■ Monteiro, trans. Hanover, N.H.: University Press of New England, 1991.

   ■. Happy Easter. John Byrne, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■. Steerage and Ten Other Stories. George Monteiro, ed. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1998. Monteiro, Luís De Sttau. The Rules of the Game. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Hamilton, 1965.

   ■ Mourão-Ferreira, David. Lucky in Love. Christine Robinson, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1999. Namora, Fernando. Field of Fate. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1970.

   ■. Mountain Doctor. Dorothy Ball, trans. London: Macmillan, 1956.

   ■ Nemésio, Vitorino. Inclement Weather over the Channel. Francisco Cota Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1993.

   ■. Stormy Isles: An Azorean Tale. Francisco C. Fagundes, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 2000.

   ■ Paço D'Arcos, Joaquim. Memoirs of a Banknote. Robert Lyle, trans. London, 1968.

   ■ Pedroso, Consiglieri, comp. Portuguese Folk-Tales. Henriqueta Monteiro, trans. Reprint of orig. 1882 ed. New York: Benjamin Blom, 1969.

   ■ Pessoa, Fernando. Fernando Pessoa: Sixty Portuguese Poems. F. E. G. Quintanilha, ed. and trans. Cardiff: University of Wales Press, 1971.

   ■. Selected Poems: Fernando Pessoa. 2nd rev. ed. Jonathan Griffin, trans. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1982.

   ■. The Book of Disquiet. Alfred MacAdams, trans. New York: Pantheon, 1991.

   ■. Fernando Pessoa: Selected Poems. Peter Rickard, ed. and trans. Edinburgh, U.K.: Edinburgh University Press, 1991.

   ■. "The Mariner: A 'Static Drama' in One Act." In Translation: Portugal.

   ■ George Ritchie, et al., trans. The Journal of Literary Translation. Vol. XXV, 38-56. New York: Translation Center, Columbia University, 1991.

   ■. Message: Bilingual Edition. Jonathan Griffin, trans. London: Menard Press and King's College, 1992.

   ■ Pires, José Cardoso. Ballad of a Dog's Beach. Mary Fitton, trans. London: J. M. Dent, 1986.

   ■ Queirós, José Maria Eça de. Cousin Bazilio. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1953.

   ■. The Relic. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1954.

   ■. The City and the Mountains. Roy Campbell, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1955.

   ■. The Sin of Father Amaro. Nan Flanagan, trans. London: Max Reinhardt, 1962.

   ■. The Maias. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1965.

   ■. The Illustrious House of Ramires. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■. Letters from England. Ann Stevens, trans. London: Bodley Head, 1970.

   ■. To the Capital. John Vetch, trans. Manchester, U.K.: Carcanet, 1995.

   ■ Quental, Antero de. Sixty-four Sonnets. Edgar Prestage, trans. London: David Nutt, 1894.

   ■ Redol, Alves. The Man with Seven Names. L. L. Barrett, trans. New York: Knopf, 1964.

   ■ Resende, André de. André deResende's 'Poema Latina'/ 'Latinpoems.' J. C. R. Martyn, ed. and trans. Lewiston N.Y.: Lampeter and Edwin Mellen, 1998. Ribeiro, Aquilino. When the Wolves Howl. Patricia McGowan Pinheiro, trans. New York: Macmillan; London: Cape, 1963. Sá Carneiro, Mário de. The Great Shadow ( and Other Stories). Margaret Jull Costa, trans. Sawtry, U.K.: Dedalus, 1996. Santareno, Bernardo. The Promise. Nelson H. Vieira, trans. Providence, R.I.: Gávea-Brown, 1981.

   ■ Saramago, José. Baltasar and Blimunda. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1987.

   ■. The Stone Raft. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1991.

   ■. The History of the Siege of Lisbon. Giovanni Pontiero, trans. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1996.

   ■. Blindness. New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1999.

   ■. Tale of the Unknown Island. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2000.

   ■. All the Names. Margaret Jull Costa, trans. New York: Harcourt, 2000.

   ■. Journey to Portugal. New York: Harcourt Brace, 2001.

   ■ Sena, Jorge de. The Poetry of Jorge de Sena: A Bilingual Selection. Frederick G. Williams et al., trans. Santa Barbara, Calif.: Mudborn Press, 1980.

   ■. By the Rivers of Babylon and Other Stories. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1989.

   ■ Vicente, Gil. Four Plays of Gil Vicente: Edited from the Editio Princeps ( 1562). Aubrey F. G. Bell, ed. and trans. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1920.

   ■. Lyrics of Gil Vicente. Aubrey F. G. Bell, trans. Oxford: Oxford University Press, Hispanic Notes and Monographs, Portuguese Series 1, 1921.

   ■. The Play of Rubena. Jack E. Tomlins, trans.; Rene P. Garay and José I. Suarez, eds. New York: National Hispanic Foundation for Humanities, 1993.

   ■. The Boat Plays. David Johnston, trans. and adaptation. London: Oberon, 1996.

   ■. Three Discovery Plays. Anthony Lappin, trans. Warminster, U.K.: Aris & Phillips, 1997.

   ■ Vieira, António. Dust Thou Art. Rev. W. Anderson, trans. London, 1882.

   ■ Portuguese and Portuguese-American Cooking: Cuisine

   ■ Anderson, Jean. Food of Portugal. New York: Hearst, 1994. Asselin, E. Donald. A Portuguese-American Cookbook. Rutland, Vt.: Charles E. Tuttle, 1966.

   ■ Bourne, Ursula. Portuguese Cookery. Harmondsworth, U.K.: Penguin, 1973. Crato, Maria Helena Tavares. Cozinha Portuguesa I, II. Lisbon: Editorial Presença, 1978.

   ■ Dienhart, Miriam, and Anne Emerson, ed. Cooking in Portugal. Cascais: American Women of Lisbon, 1978.

   ■ Feibleman, Peter S. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. New York: Time-Life Books; Foods of the World, 1969.

   ■ Koehler, Margaret H. Recipes from the Portuguese of Provincetown. Riverside, Conn.: Chatham Press, 1973. Manjny, Maite. The Home Book of Portuguese Cookery. London: Faber & Faber, 1974.

   ■ Marques, Susan Lowndes. Good Food from Spain and Portugal. London: Muller, 1956.

   ■ Modesto, Maria de Lourdes. Cozinha Tradicional Portuguesa. Lisbon: Verbo, 1982.

   ■ Ortiz, Elisabeth Lambert. The Food of Spain and Portugal. The Complete Iberian Cuisine. New York: Atheneum, 1989. Pinto, Elvira. La Bonne Cuisine Portugaise. Paris: Edicions Garanciere, 1985.

   ■ Robertson, Carol. Portuguese Cooking: The Authentic and Robust Cuisine of Portugal. Berkeley Calif.: North Atlantic, 1993. Schmaeling, Tony. The Cooking of Spain and Portugal. Ware, U.K.: Omega, 1983.

   ■ Vieira, Édite. The Taste of Portugal. London: Robinson, 1989.

   ■ Von Treskow, Maria. Zü Gast in Portugal: Eine Kulnarische Reise in Garten Europas. Weingarten: Kunstverlag, 1989. Wright, Carol. Portuguese Food. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■. Self-catering in Portugal: Making the Most of Local Food and Drink. London: Croom Helm, 1986.

   ■ Gardens and Gardening of Portugal and Madeira

   ■ Afonso, Simonetta Luz, and Angela Delaforce. Palace of Queluz— The Gardens. Lisbon, 1989.

   ■ Araújo, Iluídio Alves de. Arte Paisagista e Arte das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1962.

   ■ Azeredo, Francisco de. Casas Senhoriais Portuguesas. Barcelos, 1986.

   ■ Binney, Marcus. Country Manors of Portugal. New York: Scala Books, 1987.

   ■ Bowe, Patrick, and Nicolas Sapieha. Gardens of Portugal. New York: Scala Books and Harper and Row, 1989.

   ■ Cane, Florence du. The Flowers and Gardens of Madeira. London, 1924.

   ■ Cardoso, Pedro Homem, and Helder Carita. Da Grandeza das Jardins em Portugal. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Carita, Helder, and Homem Cardoso. Portuguese Gardens. London: Antique Collector's Club, 1987.

   ■ Costa, António da, and Luís de O. Franquinho. Madeira: Plantas e Floras. Funchal, 1986.

   ■ Nichols, Rose Standish. Spanish and Portuguese Gardens. Boston, 1926.

   ■ Pereira, Arthur D. Sintra and Its Farm Manors. Sintra, 1983.

   ■ Sampaio, Gonçalo. Flora Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Sitwell, Sacheverell. Portugal and Madeira. London: Batsford, 1945.

   ■ Underwood, John, and Pat Underwood. Landscapes of Madeira. London, 1980.

   ■ Vieira, Rui. Flowers of Madeira. Funchal, 1973.

   ■ Viterbo, Francisco Marques de Sousa. A Jardinagem em Portugal, 2 vols. Coimbra, 1906-9.

   ■ Education, Science, Health, and Medical History

   ■ Albuquerque, Luís de. Estudos de História, 3 vols. Coimbra, 1973-81.

   ■. Ciência e experiência nos Descobrimentos portugueses. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. Para a História de Ciência em Portugal. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■. As Navegaçoes E A Sua Projecção Na Ciência E Na Cultura. Lisbon, 1987.

   ■ Baião, Antônio. Episódios Dramáticos da Inquisição Portuguesa, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1936-55.

   ■ Cabreira, Antônio. Portugal nos mares e nas ciências. Lisbon, 1929. Carvalho, Rômulo de. A Astronomia em Portugal (séc. xviii). Lisbon, 1985. Fernandes, Barahona. Egas Moniz: Pioneiro de descobrimentos médicos. Lisbon, 1983.

   ■ Gaitonde, P. D. Portuguese Pioneers in India: Spotlight on Medicine. London: Sangam Books, 1983.

   ■ Hanson, Carl A. "Portuguese Cosmology in the Late Seventeenth Century." In Benjamin F. Taggie and Richard W. Clement, eds., Iberia & the Mediterranean, 75-85. Warrensburg: Central Missouri State University, 1989.

   ■ Higgins, Michael H., and Charles F. S. de Winton. Survey of Education in Portugal. London, 1942.

   ■ Hirsch, Elizabeth Feist. Damião de Góis: The Life and Thought of a Portuguese Humanist. The Hague, 1967.

   ■ Lemos, Maximiano. Arquivos de História da Medicina Portuguesa. Several vols. Lisbon, 1886-1923. Vol. I. História da Medicina em Portugal. Doutrina e Instituições. Lisbon, 1899.

   ■ Mira, Matias Ferreira de. História da Medicina Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ Orta, Garcia de. Colóquios dos Simples e Drogas e Cousas Medicinais da India. Conde de Ficalho, ed., 2 vols. Lisbon, 1891-95.

   ■ Osório, J. Pereira. História e Desenvolvimento da Ciência em Portugal, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1986-89.

   ■ Pina, Luís de. "Uma prioridade portuguesa do século XVI. João de Barros e a Dactiloscópia Oriental." Arquivo da Repartição de Antropologia Criminal IV (1936).

   ■. "As Ciências na História do Império Colonial Português — Séculos XV a XIX." Anais de Faculdade de Ciências do Porto ( 1939-10).

   ■. "Os Portugueses Mestres de Ciência e Metras no Estrangeiro." Actas do Congresso do Mundo Português. Lisbon, 1940.

   ■. "A Ciência em Portugal (bosquejo Histórico)." In Secretariado Nacional da Informação, ed., Portugal: Breviário Da Pátria Para Os Portugueses Ausentes, 277-301. Lisbon, 1946.

   ■ Richards, Robert A. C., ed. Guide to World Science: Vol. 9: Spain and Portugal, 2nd ed. Guernsey, U.K.: F. H. Books, 1974.

   ■ Saraiva, António José. História da Cultura em Portugal, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1950-62.

   ■ ———. "João de Barros." In Serrao, ed., Dicionário de História de Portugal 1 (1963): 307-8.

   ■ Silvestre Ribeiro, José. História dos Establecimentos Scientíficos, Literários e Artísticos de Portugal nos Successivos Reinados da Monarchia, 3 vols. Lisbon, 1871-83.

   ■ Veiga-Pires, J. A., and Ronald G. Grainger, eds. Pioneers in Angiography: The Portuguese School ofAngiography. Lancaster, U.K.: MTP Press, 1982.

   ■ Walker, Timothy. "Doctors, Folk Medicine and the Inquisition: The Repression of Popular Healing in Portugal during the Enlightenment Era." Ph.D. dissertation, History Department, Boston University, 2001.

   ■ Feminism and Women's Studies

   ■ Barbosa, Madelena. "Women in Portugal." Women's Studies International Quarterly 4 (1981): 477-80.

   ■ Barreno, Maria Isabel, Maria Teresa Horta, and Maria Velho da Costa. Novas Cartas Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1972.

   ■ ———. The Three Marias. New Portuguese Letters. Helen R. Lane, trans. New York: Doubleday, 1975.

   ■ Brettell, Caroline B. We Have Already Cried Many Tears: The Stories of Three Portuguese Migrant Women. Cambridge, Mass.: Schenkman, 1982.

   ■ Ferreira, Virginia. "Engendering Portugal: Social Change, State Politics, and Women's Social Mobilization." In António Costa Pinto, ed., Modern Portugal, 162-88. Palo Alto, Calif.: SPOSS, 1998.

   ■ Goodwin, Mary. "Portuguese Feminism." Portuguese Studies Newsletter 17 (Spring-Summer 1987): 12-13.

   ■ Lamas, Maria. As Mulheres do Meu País. Lisbon, 1948.

   ■ "Mulheres Portuguesas e Feminismo." Análise Social [special number on Portuguese Women and Feminism] 22 (1986): 92-93.

   ■ Osório, Ana de Castro. As Mulheres Portuguesas. Lisbon, 1905.

   ■ Sadlier, Darlene J. The Question of How: Women Writers and New Portuguese Literature. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood; Contributions in Women's Studies, no. 109, 1989.

   ■ Silva, Manuela. The Employment of Women in Portugal. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications, European Communities, 1984. Velho da Costa, Maria. Maina Mendes. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■ Vicente, Ana, and Maria Reynolds de Souza. Family Planning in Portugal. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Religion and Catholic Church

   ■ Almeida, Fortunato de. História da Igreja em Portugal. 6 vols. Coimbra, 1910-24, and Oporto, 1967-72. Alonso, Joaquim Maria. The Secret of Fátima: Fact and Legend. Cambridge, Mass.: Ravengate Press, 1979. Alves, José da Felicidade, ed. Católicos e política de Humberto Delgado à Marcelo Caetano. Lisbon, 1969. Araújo, Miguel de, ed. Dicionario político; 1; Os Bispos e a revoluçao de Abril. Lisbon, 1976. Bishko, Charles Julian. Spanish and Portuguese Monastic History 600-1300. London, Variorum Reprints, 1984.

   ■ Blanshard, Paul. Freedom and Catholic Power in Spain and Portugal. Boston: Beacon Press, 1962.

   ■ Boxer, C. R. The Church Militant and Iberian Expansion 1440-1770. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1978. Bruneau, Thomas C. "Church and State in Portugal: Crises of Cross and Sword." Journal of Church and State XVIII (1976): 463-90. Freire, José Geraldes. Resistência Católico ao Salazarismo-Marcelismo. Oporto, 1976.

   ■ Herculano, Alexandre. History of the Origin and Establishment of the Inquisition in Portugal. John C. Banner, trans. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1962.

   ■ IPOPE. Estudo sobre liberdade e religião em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973. Johnston, Francis. Fátima: The Great Sign. Chulmleigh, U.K.: Augustine Publications, 1980.

   ■ Kondor, Fr. Louis. Fátima in Lucia's Own Words: Sister Lucia's Memoirs. Fatima: Postulation Center, 1976. Lourenço, Joaquim Maria. Situação jurídica da Igreja em Portugal. Coimbra, 1943.

   ■ Mattoso, José. Religião e Cultura na Idade Média Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1982. Miller, Samuel J. Portugal and Rome c. 1748-1830: An Aspect of Catholic Enlightenment. Rome: Universita Gregoriana Editrice, 1978. O'Malley, John W. The First Jesuits. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.

   ■ Pattee, Richard. Portugal and the Portuguese World. Milwaukee, Wisc.: Bruce, 1957.

   ■ Prestage, Edgar. Portugal: A Pioneer of Christianity. Lisbon, 1945.

   ■ Richard, Robert. Etudes sur l'histoire morale et religieuse de Portugal. Paris: Centro Cultural de Gulbenkian, 1970.

   ■ Robinson, Richard A. H. "The Religious Question and Catholic Revival in Portugal, 1900-1930." Journal of Contemporary History XII (1977): 345-62.

   ■. Contemporary Portugal: A History. London: Allen & Unwin, 1979.

   ■ Rodrigues, R. P. Francisco. História da Companhia de Jesus na Assistência de Portugal, 7 vols. Lisbon, 1931-50.

   ■ Roth, Cecil. A History of the Marranos. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society of America, 1932.

   ■ Agriculture, Viticulture, and Fishing

   ■ Abreu-Ferreira, Darlene. "The Portuguese in Newfoundland: Documentary Evidence Examined." Portuguese Studies Review 4, 1 (1995-96): 11-33.

   ■ Allen, H. Warner. The Wines of Portugal. London: Michael Joseph, 1963.

   ■ Barros, Afonso de. A reforma agrária em Portugal. Oeiras, 1979.

   ■ Beamish, Huldine V. The Hills of Alentejo. London: Geoffrey Bles, 1958.

   ■ Bennett, Norman R. "The Golden Age of the Port Wine System, 1781-1807." The International History Review XII (1990): 221-18.

   ■ Black, Richard. "The Myth of Subsistence: Market Production in the Small Farm Sector of Northern Portugal." Iberian Studies 1, 8 (1989): 25-41.

   ■ Bravo, Pedro, and Duarte de Oliveira. Viticulture Moderna. Lisbon, 1974.

   ■. Vinhas e Vinhos De Portugal. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Cabral, Manuel V. "Agrarian Structures and Recent Movements in Portugal." Journal of Peasant Studies 4, 5 (July 1978): 411-45.

   ■ Cardoso, José Carvalho. A Agricultura Portuguesa. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Carvalho, Bento de. Guía Dos Vinhos Portugueses. Lisbon, 1982.

   ■ Clarke, Robert. Open Boat Whaling in the Azores: The History and Present Methods of a Relic Industry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954.

   ■ Cockburn, Ernest. Port Wine and Oporto. London: Wine & Spirit, 1949. Cole, S. C. "Cod, Cod Country and Family: The Portuguese Newfoundland Fishery." Mast 3, 1 (1990): 1-29.

   ■ Coull, James. The Fisheries of Europe. London: G. Bell & Sons, 1972.

   ■ Croft-Cooke, Rupert. Port. London: Putnam, 1957.

   ■. Madeira. London: Putnam, 1961.

   ■ Delaforce, John. The Factory House at Oporto. London: Christie's Wine Publications, 1979 and later eds.

   ■ Doel, Patricia A. Port O'Call: Memories of the Portuguese White Fleet in St. John's Newfoundland. St. John's, Newfoundland: ISER, 1992.

   ■ Fletcher, Wyndham. Port: An Introduction to Its History and Delights. London: Bernet, 1978.

   ■ Francis, A. D. The Wine Trade. London: Adam and Charles Black, 1972.

   ■ Freitas, Eduardo, João Ferreira de Almeida, and Manuel Villaverde Cabral. Modalidades de penetração do capitalismo na agricultura: estruturas agrárias em Portugal Continental, 1950-1970. Lisbon, 1976.

   ■ Gonçalves, Francisco Esteves. Portugal: A Wine Country. Lisbon, 1984.

   ■ Gulbenkian Foundation. Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Kurlansky, Mark. Cod: A Biography of the Fish That Changed the World. New York: Walker, 1997.

   ■ Malefakis, Edward. "Two Iberian Land Reforms Compared: Spain, 1931-1936 and Portugal, 1974—1978." In Gulbenkian Foundation, Agrarian Reform. Lisbon, 1981.

   ■ Moreira da Fonseca, A. Port Wine: Notes on Its History, Production and Technology. Oporto, 1981.

   ■ Moutinho, M. História da pesca do bacalhau. Lisbon: Imprensa Universitária, 1985.

   ■ Oliveira Marques, A. H. de. lntrodução a história da agricultura em Portugal.

   ■ Lisbon, 1968. Pato, Octávio. O Vinho. Lisbon, 1971.

   ■ Pearson, Scott R. Portuguese Agriculture in Transition. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987.

   ■ Postgate, Raymond. Portuguese Wine. London: Dent, 1969.

   ■ Read, Jan. The Wines of Portugal. London: Faber & Faber, 1982.

   ■ Robertson, George. Port. London: Faber & Faber, 1982 ed.

   ■ Rutledge, Ian. "Land Reform and the Portuguese Revolution." Journal of Peasant Studies 5, 1 (Oct. 1977): 79-97.

   ■ Sanceau, Elaine. The British Factory at Oporto. Oporto, 1970.

   ■ Simon, Andre L. Port. London: Constable, 1934.

   ■ Simões, J. Os grandes trabalhadores do Mar: Reportagens na Terra Nova e na Groenlândia. Lisbon: Gazeta dos Caminho de Ferro, 1942.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992: Special Report. New York: Camões Center/RIIC, Columbia University, 1990.

   ■ Stanislawski, Dan. Landscapes of Bacchus: The Vine in Portugal. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1970.

   ■ Teixeira, Carlos, and Victor M. Pereira da Rosa, eds. The Portuguese in Canada: From the Seat to the City. Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2000.

   ■ Unwin, Tim. "Farmers' Perceptions of Agrarian Change in Northwest Portugal." Journal of Rural Studies 1, 4 (1985): 339-57.

   ■ Valadão do Valle, E. Bacalhau: tradições históricas e económicos. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Venables, Bernard. Baleia! The Whalers of Azores. London: Bodley Head, 1968.

   ■ Villiers, Alan. The Quest of the Schooner Argus: A Voyage to the Banks and Greenland. New York: Scribners, 1951. World Bank. Portugal: Agricultural Survey. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ ECONOMY, INDUSTRY, AND DEVELOPMENT

   ■ Aiyer, Srivain, and Shahid A. Chandry. Portugal and the E.E.C.: Employment and Implications. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Baklanoff, Eric N. The Economic Transformation of Spain and Portugal. New York: Praeger, 1978.

   ■. "Changing Systems: The Portuguese Revolution and the Public Enterprise Sector." ACES ( Association of Comparative Economic Studies) Bulletin 26 (Summer-Fall 1984): 63-76.

   ■. "Portugal's Political Economy: Old and New." In K. Maxwell and M. Haltzel, eds., Portugal: Ancient Country, Young Democracy, 37-59. Washington, D.C.: Wilson Center Press, 1990.

   ■ Barbosa, Manuel P. Growth, Migration and the Balance of Payments in a Small, Open Economy. New York: Garland, 1984.

   ■ Braga de Macedo, Jorge, and Simon Serfaty, eds. Portugal since the Revolution: Economic and Political Perspectives. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1981.

   ■ Carvalho, Camilo, et al. Sabotagem Econômica: " Dossier" Banco Espírito Santo e Comercial de Lisboa. Lisbon, 1975.

   ■ Corkill, David. The Development of the Portuguese Economy: A Case of Euro-peanization. London: Routledge, 1999.

   ■ Cravinho, João. "The Portuguese Economy: Constraints and Opportunities." In K. Maxwell, ed., Portugal in the 1980s, 111-65. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood, 1986.

   ■ Dornsbusch, Rudiger, Richard S. Eckhaus, and Lane Taylor. "Analysis and Projection of Macroeconomic Conditions in Portugal." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 299-330. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979.

   ■ The Economist (London). "On the Edge of Europe: A Survey of Portugal." (June 30, 1981): 3-27.

   ■. "Coming Home: A Survey of Portugal." (May 28, 1988).

   ■. 'The New Iberia: Not Quite Kissing Cousins" [Spain and Portugal]. (May 5, 1990): 21-24.

   ■ Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian and German Marshall Fund of the U.S., eds. II Conferência Internacional sobre e Economia Portuguesa, 2 vols. Lisbon, 1979.

   ■ Hudson, Mark. Portugal to 1993: Investing in a European Future. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit/Special Report No. 11 57/EIU Economic Prospects Series, 1989.

   ■ International Labour Office (ILO). Employment and Basic Needs in Portugal. Geneva: ILO, 1979.

   ■ Kavalsky, Basil, and Surendra Agarwal. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978.

   ■ Krugman, Paul, and Jorge Braga de Macedo. "The Economic Consequences of the April 25th Revolution." Economia III (1979): 455-83.

   ■ Lewis, John R., and Alan M. Williams. "The Sines Project: Portugal's Growth Centre or White Elephant?" Town Planning Review 56, 3 (1985): 339-66.

   ■ Makler, Harry M. "The Consequences of the Survival and Revival of the Industrial Bourgeoisie." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 251-83. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■ Marques, A. La Politique Economique Portugaise dans la Période de la Dictature ( 1926-1974). Doctoral thesis, 3rd cycle, University of Grenoble, France, 1980.

   ■ Martins, B. Sociedades e grupos em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Mata, Eugenia, and Nuno Valério. História Econômica De Portugal: Uma Perspectiva Global. Lisbon: Edit. Presença, 1994. Murteira, Mário. "The Present Economic Situation: Its Origins and Prospects." In L. S. Graham and H. M. Makler, eds., Contemporary Portugal, 331-42. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1979. OCED. Economic Survey: Portugal: 1988. Paris: OCED, 1988 [see also this series since 1978].

   ■ Pasquier, Albert. L'Economie du Portugal: Données et Problémes de Son Expansion. Paris: Librarie Generale de Droit, 1961. Pereira da Moura, Francisco. Para onde vai e economia portuguesa? Lisbon, 1973.

   ■ Pintado, V. Xavier. Structure and Growth of the Portuguese Economy. Geneva: EFTA, 1964.

   ■ Pitta e Cunha, Paulo. "Portugal and the European Economic Community." In L. S. Graham and D. L. Wheeler, eds., In Search of Modern Portugal, 321-38. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1983.

   ■. "The Portuguese Economic System and Accession to the European Community." In E. Sousa Ferreira and W. C. Opello, Jr., eds., Conflict and Change in Portugal, 1974-1984, 281-300. Lisbon, 1985. Porto, Manuel. "Portugal: Twenty Years of Change." In Alan Williams, ed., Southern Europe Transformed, 84-112. London: Harper & Row, 1984. Quarterly Economic Review. London: The Economist Intelligence Unit, 1974-present.

   ■ Salgado de Matos, Luís. Investimentos Estrangeiros em Portugal. Lisbon, 1973 and later eds.

   ■ Schmitt, Hans O. Economic Stabilisation and Growth in Portugal. Washington, D.C.: International Monetary Fund, 1981.

   ■ Smith, Diana. Portugal and the Challenge of 1992. New York: Camões Center, RIIC, Columbia University, 1989.

   ■ Tillotson, John. The Portuguese Bank Note Case [ 1920s]: Legal, Economic and Financial Approaches to the Measure of Damages in Contract. Manchester, U.K.: Faculty of Law, University of Manchester, 1992.

   ■ Tovias, Alfred. Foreign Economic Relations of the Economic Community: The Impact of Spain and Portugal. Boulder, Colo.: Rienner, 1990.

   ■ Valério, Nuno. A moeda em Portugal, 1913-1947. Lisbon: Sá da Costa, 1984.

   ■. As Finanças Públicas Portuguesas Entre As Duas Guerras Mundiais. Lisbon: Cosmos, 1994.

   ■ World Bank. Portugal: Current and Prospective Economic Trends. Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1978 and to the present.

   ■ PHOTOGRAPHY ON PORTUGAL

   ■ Alves, Afonso Manuel, Antônio Sacchetti, and Moura Machado. Lisboa. Lisbon, 1991.

   ■ Antunes, José. Lisboa do nosso olhar; A look on Lisbon. Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1991. Beaton, Cecil. Near East. London: Batsford, 1943.

   ■. Lisboa 1942: Cecil Beaton, Lisbon 1942. Lisbon: British Historical Society of Portugal/Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1995.

   ■ Bottineau, Yves. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1957.

   ■ Câmara Municipal de Lisboa. 7 Olhares ( Seven Viewpoints). Lisbon: Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, 1998.

   ■ Capital, A. Lisboa: Imagens d'A Capital. Lisbon: Edit. Notícias, 1984.

   ■ Dias, Marina Tavares. Photographias de Lisboa, 1900 ( Photographs of Lisbon, 1900). Lisbon: Quimera, 1991.

   ■. Os melhores postais antigos de Lisboa ( The best old postcards of Lisbon). Lisbon: Químera, 1995.

   ■ Finlayson, Graham, and Frank Tuohy. Portugal. London: Thames & Hudson, 1970.

   ■ Glassner, Helga. Portugal. Berlin-Zurich: Atlantis-Verlag, 1942. Hopkinson, Amanda, ed. Reflections by Ten Portuguese photographers. Bark-way, U.K.: Frontline/Portugal 600, 1996.

   ■ Lima, Luís Leiria, and Isabel Salema. Lisboa de Pedra e Bronze. Lisbon, 1990.

   ■ Martins, Miguel Gomes. Lisboa ribeirinha ( Riverside Lisbon). Lisbon: Arquivo Municipal, Câmara Municipal de Lisboa, Livros Horizonte, 1994. Vieira, Alice. Esta Lisboa ( This Lisbon). Lisbon: Caminho, 1994. Wohl, Hellmut, and Alice Wohl. Portugal. London: Frederick Muller, 1983.

   ■ EQUESTRIANISM

   ■ Andrade, Manoel Carlos de, Luz da Liberal e Nobre Arte da Cavallaria. Lisbon, 1790.

   ■ Graciosa, Filipe. Escola Portuguesa de Arte Equestre. Lisbon, 2004.

   ■ Horsetalk Magazine. Published in New Zealand.

   ■ Oliveira, Nuno. Reflections on the Equestrian Art. London, 2000.

   ■ Russell, Eleanor, ed. The Truth in the Teaching of Nuno Oliveira. Stanhope,

   ■ Queensland, Australia, 2003. Vilaca, Luis V., and Pedro Yglesias d'Oliveira, eds. LUSITANO. Coudelarias De Portugal. O Cavalo ancestral do Sudoeste da Europa. Lisbon: ICONOM, 2005.

   ■ Websites of interest: www.equestrian.pt portugalweb.com

Historical dictionary of Portugal > CULTURE, LITERATURE, AND LANGUAGE
6 New Hampshire

[ˏnju:ɑˊhæm(p)ʃǝr] Нью-Гемпшир, штат Новой Англии <Hampshire, графство в Англии>. Сокращение: NH. Прозвища: «гранитный штат» [*Granite State], «американская Швейцария» [*Switzerland of America], «штат Белых гор» [*White Mountain State], «Мать рек» [*Mother of Rivers], «политический барометр» [*Political Bellwether]. Житель штата: ньюгемпширец [New Hampshirite]. Прозвище жителя: «гранитный парень» [*Granite Boy]. Столица: г. Конкорд [*Concord]. Девиз: «Жить свободным или умереть» [*‘Live free or die’]. Цветок: пурпурная сирень [Purple lilac]. Дерево: берёза пушистая [white birch]. Птица: пурпурный чечевичник/американский вьюрок [purple finch]. Песни: «Старый Нью-Гемпшир» [*‘Old New Hampshire’], «Мой Нью-Гемпшир» [*‘My New Hampshire’], «Нью-Гемпшир» [*‘New Hampshire’]. Площадь: 23380 кв. км (9,279 sq. mi.) (44- е место). Население (1992): св. 1,1 млн. (41- е место). Крупнейшие города: Манчестер [Manchester], Нашуа [Nashua]. Экономика. Основные отрасли: туризм, обрабатывающая промышленность, сельское хозяйство, торговля, горнодобывающая промышленность. Основная продукция: машины, электрооборудование и электроника, пластмассы, металлоизделия. Один из наиболее промышленноразвитых штатов в стране, ведущее место занимают электронная и химическая промышленность и машиностроение. Сельское хозяйство. Основная продукция: молоко и молочные продукты, яйца, парниковые овощи, сено, овощи, выращиваемые на открытом грунте, фрукты, кленовый сироп и изделия из кленового сахара. Животноводство (1992): скота — 55 тыс., свиней — 9,5 тыс., овец — 9 тыс., птицы — 310 тыс. Лесное хозяйство: белая сосна, дуб, берёза. Минералы: строительный песок и гравий. Рыболовство (1992): на 11,5 млн. долл. История. Первыми исследователями, побывавшими в этих местах, были англичанин Мартин Принг [Pring, Martin] (1603) и француз Шамплен [Champlain] (1605). Первым поселением был Литтл-Харбор [Little Harbor], неподалёку от г. Рай [Rye] (1623). Вскоре капитан Джон Мейсон [Mason, John] основал Портсмут [Portsmouth], а колония получила название Нью-Гемпшир. Нападения индейцев в 1759 были отбиты рейнджерами Роберта Роджерса [Robert Rogers’ Rangers]. Ещё до начала Войны за независимость ньюгемпширцы захватили английский форт в Портсмуте (1774) и изгнали оттуда представителей королевской власти. Три полка ньюгемпширцев входили в состав американской армии, и десятки каперских судов (т.е. получивших разрешение от государства на захват и уничтожение неприятельских кораблей) наносили удары по британскому флоту. Достопримечательности: живописные Белые горы [White Mountains], среди них гора Вашингтон [Mt. Washington] — самая высокая на Северо-Востоке США; многочисленные горные маршруты; оз. Уиннипесоки [Winnipesaukee]; заповедный лес Белых гор [White Mt. Nat’l Forest]; ущелье Крофорд [Crawford]; Франкония [Franconia], получившая известность благодаря «лицу горного старца» [‘Old Man of the Mountain’], описанному Готорном [*Hawthorne] как «великое каменное лицо» [Great Stone Face] и ставшему официальной эмблемой штата; к числу достопримечательностей относятся тж. живописное ущелье Флум [Flume], канатная дорога на гору Каннон [Cannon Mt.], деревня шейкеров [Shaker Village] в Кентербери, г. Портсмут [Portsmouth], дом, в котором родился Дэниел Вебстер [Daniel Webster’s birthplace], и др. Знаменитые ньюгемпширцы: Крам, Ральф [Cram, Ralph Adams], архитектор; Эдди, Мэри [Eddy, Mary Baker], религиозная деятельница; Френч, Дэниел [French, Daniel Chester], скульптор; Фрост, Роберт [*Frost, Robert], поэт; Грили, Хорас [Greeley, Horace], журналист; Пирс, Франклин [Pierce, Franklin], 14-й президент США; Вебстер/Уэбстер, Дэниел [*Webster, Daniel], составитель знаменитого словаря. Ассоциации: штат Нью-Гемпшир ассоциируется с Белыми горами [White Mountains], лучшими в США горнолыжными базами, такими, как Крофордс-Нотч [Crawford’s Notch]; «гранитный штат» составляет основу «твёрдой как скала Новой Англии» [rock-ribbed New England], и в политическом лексиконе Респ. партии символизирует цитадель этой партии в противовес крупным промышленным центрам и традиционно голосующему за демократов Югу; поскольку Нью-Гемпшир первым в стране проводит первичные выборы [primaries], он считается «политическим барометром» [political bellwether] страны; ни один кандидат от Респ. партии не стал президентом, не победив предварительно на первичных выборах в Нью-Гемпшире

США. Лингвострановедческий англо-русский словарь > New Hampshire

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White Chester

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